Effect of dietary inclusion of cottonseed meal on growth performance and physiological and immune responses in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus

Abstract

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacement of dietary fishmeal with cottonseed meal (CSM) on the growth performance and health status of juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (6.67 g). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with different CSM levels (0, 121, 241, 362, 482 and 603 g/kg diet). The first limiting amino acid was methionine, which decreased with an increase in dietary CSM from 361 to 538 g/kg. When the dietary CSM content was lower than 241 g/kg, the limiting amino acid was histidine. Thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and feed efficiency first increased and then decreased (p < 0.05), which was consistent with the change in the limiting amino acid. The feeding rate increased with a rise in the dietary CSM level (p < 0.05). The activity of digestive enzymes except trypsin decreased significantly (p < 0.05), serum aminotransferase activity and triglycerides increased, serum cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05). When dietary CSM was raised to 362 g/kg, intestinal villi and hepatopancreas tissue were injured. When the dietary CSM was 603 g/kg, alternative complement pathway haemolytic activity was inhibited (p < 0.05). The gossypol level in dorsal muscles from each treatment was below the detection limit. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the TGC, the optimal dietary CSM level was 175.9 g/kg, and the maximum could be up to 351.8 g/kg and still result in the same TGC as that of control group.

Growth performance, haematology and intestinal histo‐morphology of Nile tilapia fed on Indian Lotus (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) leaf powder at different concentrations

“…In similar studies with other feed supplements, the cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed to have increased after supplementing Nile tilapia diet with 1 and 2% fenugreek sprouts meal (Trigonella foenum-graecum) for 112 days (Zaki, Labib, Nour, Tonsy, & Mahmoud, 2012) and Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) diet with different levels of cotton-seed meal for eight weeks (Liu et al, 2019).…”

“…Further investigations are still needed to know the mechanism by which Indian lotus increased serum cholesterol and triglycerides in Tilapia. In similar studies with other feed supplements, the cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed to have increased after supplementing Nile tilapia diet with 1 and 2% fenugreek sprouts meal ( Trigonella foenum‐graecum ) for 112 days (Zaki, Labib, Nour, Tonsy, & Mahmoud, ) and Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) diet with different levels of cotton‐seed meal for eight weeks (Liu et al, ). On the contrary, Indian lotus petal powder supplemented diet for 30 days decreased the cholesterol level in common carp (Vinodhini, ).…”

Effects of replacement of dietary cottonseed meal by distiller’s dried grains with solubles on growth performance, muscle texture, health and expression of muscle‐related genes in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

“…The main cause is the existence of anti‐nutritional factors such as gossypol in CSM. Liu et al, (2019) found hepatopancreas damage with elevated serum ALT and AST when free gossypol concentration reached 78.35 mg/kg diet in grass carp. Our results agree with that replacing dietary FM with CSM increased both AST and ALT values in serum of Nile tilapia (Soltan et al, 2011).…”

Pectin and soybean meal induce stronger inflammatory responses and dysregulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis than cellulose and cottonseed meal, respectively, in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), which might be attributed to their BA binding capacity

“…The inflammatory effect of soybean meal is most widely observed when it is used to substitute fish meal in the diet (Booman et al, 2018;Gu et al, 2016;Miao et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2017), and this effect is seldom observed when the substitute is cottonseed meal (Liu et al, 2019), which has a DF content reaching 340 g/kg (Li, 2014). This might be due to differences in the type of DFs in each (Bach Knudsen, 1997), because the characteristics of conjugating BAs vary for different DFs (Wu et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2011).…”