Effect of dietary inclusion of dried apple pomace on faecal butyrate concentration and modulation of gut microbiota in dogs

Brito, Cleusa Bernardete Marcon de; Souza, Camilla Mariane Menezes; Bastos, Taís Silvino; Mesa, Dany; Oliveira, Simone Gisele de; Félix, Ananda Portella

doi:10.1080/1745039x.2020.1867463

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similar results were found in human populations with a high risk of colon cancer [ 16 ]. In veterinary sciences, the effect of dietary change or intervention on SCFAs was widely evaluated in healthy dogs [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], but information about faecal SCFAs in different canine digestive diseases is limited. To the best of our knowledge, systematic evaluation of faecal SCFAs has only been performed in dogs with acute diarrhoea [ 20 ] and CE [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain and Total Fatty Acid Profile of Faeces or Plasma as Predictors of Food-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: A Preliminary Study

Higueras

Munoz

Escudero

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the total fatty acid profile of faeces or plasma as possible indicators of FRE in comparison with healthy dogs. FRE dogs had a lower concentration (p = 0.026) of plasma α-tocopherol as an indicator of the oxidative status of the animal, and lower C20:5n-3 (p = 0.033), C22:5n-3 (p = 0.005), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.021) and n-6 (p = 0.041) when compared with the control dogs; furthermore, sick dogs had higher proportions of plasma C20:3n-6 (p = 0.0056). The dogs with FRE showed a decrease in the production of faecal levels of SCFAs, mainly propionic acid (C3) (p = 0.0001) and isovaleric acid (iC5) (p = 0.014). FRE dogs also had a lower proportion of C15:0 (p = 0.0003), C16:1n-9 (p = 0.0095), C16:1n-7 (p = 0.0001), C20:5n-3 (p = 0.0034) and monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.0315), and tended to have lower n-3 (p = 0.058) and a reduced desaturase activity index in the stool when compared with the control group. However, the dogs with chronic enteropathy tended to have greater C20:4n-6 (p = 0.065) in their faeces as signs of damage at the intestinal level. The faecal parameters were better predictors than plasma. The highest correlations between faecal odd-chain, medium- or long-chain fatty acids and SCFAs were observed for C15:0 that correlated positively with faecal acetic acid (C2) (r = 0.72, p = 0.004), propionic acid (r = 0.95, p = 0.0001), isobutyric acid (iC4) (r = 0.59, p = 0.027) and isovaleric acid (r = 0.64, p = 0.0136), as well as with total SCFAs (r = 0.61, p = 0.02). Conversely, faecal C20:4n-6 showed a high inverse correlation (r = −0.83, p = 0.0002) with C2 and C3 (r = −0.59, p = 0.027). Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity (CIBDAI) index correlated negatively mainly with faecal measurements, such as C3 (r = −0.869, p = 0.0005) and C15:0 (r = −0.825, p = 0.0018), followed by C16:1/C16:0 (r = −0.66, p= 0.0374) and iC5 (r = −0.648, p = 0.0310), which would indicate that these fatty acids could be good non-invasive indicators of the chronic inflammatory status, specifically FRE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain and Total Fatty Acid Profile of Faeces or Plasma as Predictors of Food-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: A Preliminary Study

Higueras

Munoz

Escudero

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Certain feed additives can improve and stabilize the composition of the intestinal microbiota, reducing the presence of pathogens as well as toxins [ 27 ]. In addition, prebiotics may lead to enhanced immune function and can be used safely as a secondary treatment of diseases, such as certain bacterial intestinal infections, constipation, kidney or liver diseases, especially hepatic encephalopathy caused by PSS, explaining the increasing interest in the application of fiber and prebiotics such as lactulose and psyllium in animal feed [ 11 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Intestinal Production of Volatile Fatty Acids in Dogs Triggered by Lactulose and Psyllium Treatment

Mackei

Talabér

Müller

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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The intestinal microbiome of dogs can be influenced by a number of factors such as non-starch polysaccharides as well as some non-digestible oligo- and disaccharides. These molecules are only decomposed by intestinal anaerobic microbial fermentation, resulting in the formation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which play a central role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora and affecting the health status of the host organism. In the present study, the effects of lactulose and psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) were investigated regarding their influence on concentrations of various VFAs produced by the canine intestinal microbiome. Thirty dogs were kept on a standard diet for 15 days, during which time half of the animals received oral lactulose once a day, while the other group was given a psyllium-supplemented diet (in 0.67 and in 0.2 g/kg body weight concentrations, respectively). On days 0, 5, 10 and 15 of the experiment, feces were sampled from the rectum, and the concentration of each VFA was determined by GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). Lactulose administration caused a significant increase in the total VFA concentration of the feces on days 10 and 15 of the experiment (p = 0.035 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, in the case of psyllium supplementation, the concentration of VFAs showed a significant elevation only on day 15 (p = 0.003). Concentrations of acetate and propionate increased significantly on days 5, 10 and 15 after lactulose treatment (p = 0.044, p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively). Following psyllium administration, intestinal acetate, propionate and n-butyrate production were stimulated on day 15, as indicated by the fecal VFA levels (p = 0.002, p = 0.035 and p = 0.02, respectively). It can be concluded that both lactulose and psyllium are suitable for enhancing the synthesis of VFAs in the intestines of dogs. Increased acetate and propionate concentrations were observed following the administration of both supplements; however, elevated n-butyrate production was found only after psyllium treatment, suggesting that the applied prebiotics may exert slightly different effects in the hindgut of dogs. These findings can be also of great importance regarding the treatment and management of patients suffering from intestinal disorders as well as hepatic encephalopathy due to portosystemic shunt.

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“…Interestingly, Negativibacillus relative abundance decreased from baseline following AJ+P intervention and was also inversely correlated with baseline TDF intake in our cross-sectional analysis. In canines, an increase in relative abundance of Faecalibacterium was observed following consumption of a diet containing 9% dried apple pomace (43) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bowel habits, faecal microbiota and faecal bile acid composition of healthy adults consuming fruit pomace fibres: two-arm, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials

Alexander

Brauchla

Sanoshy³

et al. 2022

Br J Nutr

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Dietary fiber modulates gastrointestinal (GI) health and function, providing laxation, shifting microbiota, and altering bile acid (BA) metabolism. Fruit juice production removes the polyphenol- and fiber-rich pomace fraction. The effects of orange and apple pomaces on GI outcomes were investigated in healthy, free-living adults. Healthy adults were enrolled in two double-blinded, crossover trials, being randomized by baseline bowel movement (BM) frequency. In the first trial, subjects (n=91) received orange juice (OJ, 0g fiber/d) or OJ + orange pomace (OJ+P, 10g fiber/d) for 4 wk, separated by a 3-wk washout. Similarly, in the second trial, subjects (n=90) received apple juice (AJ, 0g fiber/d) or AJ + apple pomace (AJ+P, 10g fiber/d). Bowel habit diaries, GI tolerance surveys, and 3-d diet records were collected throughout. Fresh fecal samples were collected from a participant subset for microbiota and BA analyses in each study. Neither pomace interventions influenced BM frequency. At wk 4, OJ+P tended to increase (p=0.066) GI symptom occurrence compared to OJ, while AJ+P tended (p=0.089) to increase flatulence compared to AJ. Faecalibacterium (p=0.038) and Negativibacillus (p=0.043) were differentially abundant between pre- and post-interventions in the apple trial, but were no longer significant after FDR correction. Baseline fiber intake was independently associated with several microbial genera in both trials. Orange or apple pomace supplementation was insufficient to elicit changes in bowel habits, microbiota diversity, or BA of free-living adults with healthy baseline BM. Future studies should consider baseline BM frequency and habitual fiber intake.

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Effect of dietary inclusion of dried apple pomace on faecal butyrate concentration and modulation of gut microbiota in dogs

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Short-Chain and Total Fatty Acid Profile of Faeces or Plasma as Predictors of Food-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: A Preliminary Study

Short-Chain and Total Fatty Acid Profile of Faeces or Plasma as Predictors of Food-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: A Preliminary Study

Altered Intestinal Production of Volatile Fatty Acids in Dogs Triggered by Lactulose and Psyllium Treatment

Bowel habits, faecal microbiota and faecal bile acid composition of healthy adults consuming fruit pomace fibres: two-arm, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials

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