Effect of dietary l-tryptophan on osmotic stress tolerance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, juveniles

Abstract

Common carp juveniles were fed two types of diet (control: 0.1% tryptophan and TRP: 0.6% tryptophan) over 15 days. Thereafter, both groups were directly subjected to osmotic challenge (from 0 to 10 ppt) for 168 h. Blood samples were collected at -240, 0, 6, 24, 72 and 168 h after challenge. Survival and serum cortisol, glucose, sodium and chloride levels were measured to determine stress response and osmoregulation condition. While TRP group showed no mortality until 168 h, cumulative mortality was near 100% at 72 h after challenge in control group. Feeding tryptophan-supplemented diet led to increase in prechallenge cortisol, but not glucose, sodium and chloride values at -240 h that stayed elevated until 0 h after challenge. After challenge, cortisol and glucose values did not significantly affected by time of sampling but type of diet and diet×time interaction. Sodium values significantly affected by diet type and time of sampling but not their interaction. Chloride values significantly affected by time of sampling but not diet type and their interaction. Control group had higher cortisol, glucose and sodium than TRP at each time of sampling. Control and TRP group showed increasing and decreasing pattern in cortisol and glucose values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Both group showed increasing pattern in sodium and chloride values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Results indicated that tryptophan supplementation enhanced salt water tolerance of carp that is due to increase in basal cortisol and anti-stress effect of tryptophan and possibly increase in serotonergic activity.

Serum biochemical characteristics of Beluga, Huso huso (L.), in response to blood sampling after clove powder solution exposure

“…Water total hardness and alkalinity were determined using portable photometers with commercial kits provided by the manufacturer (Wagtecch Portable Photometer 7100, Berkshire, UK). Cortisol was measured using LIAISON Ò cortisol assay kit (DiaSorin Inc., USA) according to Rasooli et al (2009) and Hoseini and Hosseini (2010). The procedure was competitive luminometric assay based on solid phase antigen-linked technique (SPLT).…”

Serum cortisol, glucose, thyroid hormones' and non-specific immune responses of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus to exogenous tryptophan and acute stress

“…Tryptophan affects Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and circulating cortisol is known as the most common indicator of stress in fish, which has been used to evaluate stress-mitigating effects of tryptophan in fish (Lepage et al, 2002;Lepage et al, 2003;Hoseini and Hosseini, 2010;Hoseini et al, 2012;Hosseini and Hoseini, 2013). Effects of tryptophan on fish stress response are situation-dependent.…”

“…Dietary tryptophan supplementation (0.68-2.72% of diet) has been found to inhibit chronicstress effects on blood cortisol, glucose and immune response in Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala (Tejpal et al, 2009;Akhtar et al, 2013;Ciji et al, 2013a;Ciji et al, 2013b). The effects of tryptophan on basal and post-stress cortisol show great variability in different fish species; as dietary tryptophan may increase (Lepage et al, 2002;Lepage et al, 2003;Hoseini and Hosseini, 2010) or decrease (Basic et al, 2013a) basal cortisol levels or have no effect on it (Herrero et al, 2007;Hoseini et al, 2012;Wolkers et al, 2012;Basic et al, 2013a;Hosseini and Hoseini, 2013;Martins et al, 2013). In addition, tryptophan may suppress (Lepage et al, 2002;Lepage et al, 2003;Herrero et al, 2007;Hoseini and Hosseini, 2010;Hoseini et al, 2012;Basic et al, 2013b;Hosseini and Hoseini, 2013) or have no effect on post-stress cortisol response (Wolkers et al, 2012;Basic et al, 2013a;Martins et al, 2013).…”

“…The effects of tryptophan on basal and post-stress cortisol show great variability in different fish species; as dietary tryptophan may increase (Lepage et al, 2002;Lepage et al, 2003;Hoseini and Hosseini, 2010) or decrease (Basic et al, 2013a) basal cortisol levels or have no effect on it (Herrero et al, 2007;Hoseini et al, 2012;Wolkers et al, 2012;Basic et al, 2013a;Hosseini and Hoseini, 2013;Martins et al, 2013). In addition, tryptophan may suppress (Lepage et al, 2002;Lepage et al, 2003;Herrero et al, 2007;Hoseini and Hosseini, 2010;Hoseini et al, 2012;Basic et al, 2013b;Hosseini and Hoseini, 2013) or have no effect on post-stress cortisol response (Wolkers et al, 2012;Basic et al, 2013a;Martins et al, 2013). The effects of dietary tryptophan on physiological response of fish were found to be dependent on tryptophan levels, feeding duration and nature of the stress (Lepage et al, 2002;Lepage et al, 2003;Hoseini and Hosseini, 2010;Hoseini et al, 2012;Hosseini and Hoseini, 2013).…”

Dietary amino acid l-tryptophan requirement of fingerling Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), estimated by growth and haemato-biochemical parameters

“…Tryptophan is also reported to be an inefficient precursor of niacin in channel catfish (Ng et al 1997). Recently, Tejpal et al (2008) reported the effects of tryptophan on mitigation in crowding stress response in Cirrhinus mrigala, while tryptophan supplementation enhanced salt water tolerance in common carp (Hoseini and Hosseini 2010).…”