Effect of Dietary Medium-Chain α-Monoglycerides on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Histomorphology, Amino Acid Digestibility, and Broiler Chickens’ Blood Biochemical Parameters

Abstract

This trial was conducted to assess the impact of medium-chain α-monoglycerides, glycerol monolaurate (GML) supplementation on the growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID%) of amino acids, intestinal histomorphology, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Three-day-old chicks (76.82 g ± 0.40, n = 200) were haphazardly allocated to four experimental groups with five replicates for each (10 chicks/replicate). The treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four glycerol monolaurate levels; 0, 1, 3, or 5 g kg−1 (GML0, GML1, GML3, and GML5, respectively). Growth performance was determined at three periods (starter, grower, and finisher). Dietary GML had no significant effect on the growth performance parameters (body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) through all the experimental periods. GML1 diet increased the AID% of leucine and decreased the AID% of arginine. GML1 diet increased the duodenal and jejunal villous height and the jejunal muscle thickness. GML3 and GML5 diets increased the goblet cell count in the duodenum. GML supplementation increased the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. GML5 diet increased the serum levels of IgM and interleukin 10 compared to the control group. We could conclude that dietary supplementation of glycerol monolaurate can supplement broiler chicken diets up to 5 g kg−1 to enhance the immune status and intestinal histomorphology of birds with no improving effect on growth performance.

Effect of supplemental glycerol monolaurate and oregano essential oil blend on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and amino acid digestibility of broiler chickens

“…The overall performance showed a linear increase in the BW, BWG, PER, and RGR and a linear decrease in the FCR at 0.75% dietary level of GLM and oregano EO compared to the control and the optimum dietary level of GLM and oregano EO blend detected using broken-line regression model was 0.58% based on the data of final BW and FCR. The improved growth can be attributed to the improvement of most intestinal morphometrics, which leads to an increase in the absorption surface available for the absorption of nutrients essential for growth [ 9 , 19 ]. However, dietary GLM and oregano EO blend had an insignificant impact on the AID% of most identified essential AA, with significant declines in AID% of threonine and arginine at different dietary levels of supplemented additives.…”

“…Likewise, arginine is identified for its role as a precursor for the production of polyamines, nitric oxide, and creatine and its ability to promote insulin growth factor release, which has a variety of biological roles [ 24 ]. We previously demonstrated that broilers fed graded levels of GLM had no improvement in growth performance traits [ 9 ], suggesting that combined supplementation of GLM with oregano EO could increase chicken growth performance moderately. This improvement may be due to the presence of EO, which provides active components of antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, which all positively impact growth performance in terms of FCR and PER [ 25 ].…”

“…Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a chemical compound made from lauric acid and glycerol that exhibits strong antimicrobial activity [ 8 ]. In a previous report, we investigated the influence of glycerol monolaurate (GLM) as MCFA on the broilers’ performance that showed an enhancement in the birds’ immune status and intestinal histomorphology without affecting the growth performance or ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility [ 9 ]. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have demonstrated the combined effect of MCFAs with other nutrients in the poultry diet.…”

Mitigating the Growth, Biochemical Changes, Genotoxic and Pathological Effects of Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens by Supplementing Vitamins C and E

“…The average initial body weight (BW) was recorded at the beginning of the experiment. The BW was then determined every week, and body weight gain (BWG) was determined [ 19 ]. The difference between the weight of the provided feed and the feed that remained was used to calculate feed intake (FI) per replicate.…”

Buffered formic acid and a monoglyceride blend coordinately alleviate subclinical necrotic enteritis impact in broiler chickens

“…Under standard esterification conditions, monoglycerides tend to prefer the 1-monoglyceride form rather than the 2-monoglyceride form. Medium-chain monoglyceride have shown promising effects on feed efficiency, health improvement, growth performance capacity and immune status of broilers ( Fortuoso et al., 2019 ; Valentini et al., 2020 ; Amer et al., 2021 ). Monoglycerides are natural compounds which, alongside their nutritional values of lipids, act against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations at which no evidence for harm to the body has been found ( Mansour and Millière, 2001 ; Thormar et al., 2006 ).…”