Effect of Dietary Modulation of Selenium Form and Level on Performance, Tissue Retention, Quality of Frozen Stored Meat and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Status in Ross Broiler Chickens

Abstract

This study compares between different selenium forms (sodium selenite; SeS, selenomethionine; Met-Se or nano-Se) and levels on growth performance, Se retention, antioxidative potential of fresh and frozen meat, and genes related to oxidative stress in Ross broilers. Birds (n = 450) were randomly divided into nine experimental groups with five replicates in each and were fed diets supplemented with 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 mg Se/kg as (SeS, Met-Se), or nano-Se. For overall growth performance, dietary inclusion of Met-Se or nano-Se significantly increased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio of Ross broiler chicks at the level of 0.45 and 0.6 mg/kg when compared with the group fed the same level of SeS. Se sources and levels significantly affected (p < 0.05) its concentrations in breast muscle, liver, and serum. Moreover, Se retention in muscle was higher (p < 0.05) after feeding of broiler chicks on a diet supplemented with Met-Se or nano-Se compared to the SeS group, especially at 0.6 mg/kg. Additionally, higher dietary levels from Met-Se or nano-Se significantly reduced oxidative changes in breast and thigh meat in the fresh state and after a four-week storage period and increased muscular pH after 24 h of slaughter. Also, broiler’s meat in the Met-Se and nano-Se groups showed cooking loss and lower drip compared to the SeS group (p < 0.05). In the liver, the mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were elevated by increasing dietary Se levels from Met-Se and nano-Se groups up to 0.6 mg/kg when compared with SeS. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 0.6 mg/kg Met-Se and nano-Se improved growth performance and were more efficiently retained than with SeS. Both sources of selenium (Met-Se and nano-Se) downregulated the oxidation processes of meat during the first four weeks of frozen storage, especially in thigh meat, compared with an inorganic source. Finally, dietary supplementation of Met-Se and nano-Se produced acceptable Se levels in chicken meat offered for consumers.

Nutritional significance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

“…For example, nanoselenium has been found to be more effective in improving production performance, meat quality and minimizing oxidative stress in broiler chicken when compared to selenomethionine and inorganic Se. This can result from the efficient retention of this novel delivery form of selenium within body, better utilization, enhanced conversion efficiency and improved antioxidant defense (Ibrahim et al 2019). Similarly, nanoparticles of gold, silver and copper have shown potential roles in improving production performance, antioxidant defense system, and immunological response against diseases.…”

Impact of Selenium Sources on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broilers

“…Also, Yang et al (2012) found that the AST, alkaline phosphatase and urea concentrations were observed to be insignificant when compared between Se supplemented and control group in chicks. On the other hand, Selim et al (2015) and Ibrahim et al (2019) showed that the activity of liver enzymes of Ross broiler chickens including ALT and AST were not significantly affected by the interaction between different sources of Se. In addition, Yang et al (2012) observed that Se (organic or inorganic) didn't affected liver enzymes.…”

“…Serum bactericidal activity to Aeromonas hydrophila strain was determined according to Rainger and Rowley (1993). Serum lysozyme activity was measured with the turbidimetric method described by Engstad et al (1992) and the results are expressed as one unit of lysozyme activity that defined as a reduction in absorbance at 0.001/min. Lysozyme activity = (A0 -A) / A.…”

“…Moreover, Zhou and Wang (2011) indicated an improvement of production performance by organic Se supplementation. Moreover, Ibrahim et al (2019) found that the groups of broiler chicks supplemented with Se-meth showed an increase in growth performance when compared with sodium selenite (SS). Sundu et al (2019) indicated that organic Se (Sel-plex) led to an increase in BWG of broiler chickens.…”

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Gene Expression in Oviduct Tissues and, Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Hens

“…Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element required for numerous physiological functions in animals, ranging from immunoregulatory function 1,2 , reproduction 3 , and protecting the tissue damage by the maintenance of the antioxidant system 4,5 . The mechanisms in which Se functions solely is applied via Se-containing proteins 6 .…”