Effect of Dietary Moringa oleifera Leaves Nanoparticles on Growth Performance, Physiological, Immunological Responses, and Liver Antioxidant Biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity

Abstract

The current study addresses the influence of Moringa oleifera leaves nanoparticles (MO-NPs) on growth, biochemical, immunological, and hepatic antioxidant alterations induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles toxicity in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Fish (N = 180) were divided into four groups with replicates. The first one was set as a control group and the second group was fed an MO-NPs-enriched diet (2.5 g/kg diet). The third group was exposed to 8 mg/L ZnO-NPs, while the forth group was exposed to 8 mg/L ZnO-NPs and fed on MO-NPs (2.5 g/kg diet) for 2 months. Exposure of O. niloticus to 8 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced the following consequences: a sharp decrease in the growth parameters; a marked increment in the biochemical biomarkers (glucose, cortisol, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP); a significant increase in serum renal products, urea and creatinine, cholesterol, and LDH levels. Nonetheless, the dietary MO-NPs supplementation for 2 months significantly alleviated the ZnO-NPs toxicity and significantly enhanced the growth indices, plus normalizing the physio-biochemical levels in the exposed group to ZnO-NPs toxicity to reach the levels of the control group. The MO-NPs markedly improved hepatic antioxidant biomarkers, MDA, and TAC, while, decreasing SOD, CAT, and GSH levels to be near the control values. Moreover, supplemented fish in MO-NPs (2.5 g/kg diet) and exposed to ZnO-NPs provided a remarkable increase in the immune profile (respiratory burst (RB) activity, lysozyme, and total immunoglobulins (IgM)) compared to the ZnO-NPs-intoxicated group. Based on the findings of the study, the exposed O. niloticus to ZnO-NPs were immune-antioxidant-depressed, besides showing growth retardation, and physio-biochemical alterations. On the other hand, a supplemented diet with MO-NPs is a novel approach to ameliorate ZnO-NPs toxicity for sustaining aquaculture and correspondingly protecting human health.

Effects of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Peel Extract Loaded in Nanoemulsion on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas veronii Infection

“…The experimental diets revealed that ALT, AST, T-bilirubin, D-bilirubin, and BUN values were significantly not different compared to the control diet, indicating that the experimental diets did not have a detrimental effect on liver and kidney function. Similarly, Nile tilapia fed Moringa oleifera leaf nanoparticle-supplemented diets did not increase the ALT and AST values [66].…”

Effect of Iron Nanoparticles on the Intestinal Bacterial Flora and Histology of the Intestine and Kidney in Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771)

“…It is necessary to study the potential effects and useful applications of nanotechnology in solving problems in aquaculture. Studies like this can be used in aquaculture and environmental safety by identifying the potential risks and informing guidelines for the safe use of nanoparticles in aquatic environments, developing new treatments for fish diseases, improving water quality, and environmental remediation (Hamed et al, 2022). Our previous study focused on the effects of Fe-NPS on the liver, growth, and immune system of stellate sturgeon (Ebrahimi et al, 2020).…”

Fish Nutrition and Physiology

“…Plant extracts achieved a success in the aquaculture industry as dietary supplements in promoting growth and immunity. Dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf nanoparticles (MO-NPs) can act as a growth promoter and immune-antioxidant stimulator [4]. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol (HT), a kind of polyphenol with a small molecular weight, is the most efficient antioxidant in olives and is considered a mitochondrial nutrient.…”