Effect of dietary pattern on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common obstetric disease among pregnant women. This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary pattern management to reduce the incidence of GDM. Here, we, retrospectively, analyzed the influence of dietary patterns on the occurrence of GDM and the correlation between dietary patterns and intestinal microbiome distribution and inflammation in pregnant women. Moreover, patients were assigned to the dietary pattern management group and the nondietary pattern management group, and the effects of dietary patterns on the intestinal microbiome distribution and inflammatory factors were investigated. We found that the intestinal microbiome was changed in GDM patients compared with the healthy controls. The relative abundance of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium significantly decreased in patients with GDM. Moreover, compared with the control group, the expression levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly increased. Furthermore, dietary pattern management led to intestinal microbiome changes in patients with GDM. In conclusion, dietary pattern management could alleviate GDM via affecting the intestinal microbiome as well as inflammatory conditions in patients.

Weight Management during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Summary of Current Evidence and Recommendations

“…After a group discussion, all evidence summaries were deemed to be of acceptable quality and were included in evidence extraction, of which eight were from the JBI EBP Database [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], and four were from the Wanfang [65][66][67][68]. Of the twelve evidence summaries, one evidence summary focused on lifestyle interventions for GDM [62], seven focused on dietary management for GDM [58,61,[63][64][65][66]68], two focused on exercise management for GDM [60,67], one focused on antenatal care for GDM [57], and one focused on education for GDM [59]. The results of the quality assessment of the evidence summaries are presented in Supplementary Table S4.…”

“…Dietary supplements such as Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and vitamin D can be used as an adjunctive management strategy for GDM [52,54,55,61,[63][64][65]. I 31 Women with GDM should reduce or avoid sugar-sweetened beverages (e.g., soft drinks and juice drinks) [66,70].…”

“…The form of nutritional counseling should take into account available resources and the mother's preferences and can be performed by telemedicine if necessary, such as telephone, e-mail, and smartphone [1, 59,65,66]. V Excessive restriction of energy intake (less than 1500 kcal/d) can lead to ketosis and malnutrition, which can adversely affect both the mother and the fetus; therefore, energy intake should not be less than 1600 kcal in early pregnancy, and 1800 kcal in the second and third trimesters [28,42,45,66,72].…”

“…The energy of breakfast, lunch, and dinner should be controlled at 10%~15%, 30%, and 30% of the total daily energy intake, respectively, and the energy of each snack can account for 5%~10% of the daily energy intake [28,65,66]. V…”

“…Women with food deficiencies, dependence on tobacco, alcohol, or other substances, anemia, strict vegetarianism, and poor dietary habits can meet the body's vitamin and mineral needs with dietary supplements [24,65,66]. V…”