Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic on performance and intestinal microflora of Chinese soft-shelled turtle<i>(Trionyx sinensis)</i>

Zhang, X.; Peng, Lisha; Wang, Y.; Qin, Liang; Deng, Bin; Li, W.; Fu, Linglin; Yu, Dongning; Shen, Wangyang; Wang, Z.

doi:10.1111/anu.12128

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The role of probiotics is controversial. Benefits, including the ability to increase the abundance of Firmicutes, have been noted in other chelonians [37,38], however a study in mice and humans found that probiotics delayed return to normal gut microbiome composition post-antibiotics [39]. As next generation sequencing capabilities become more readily available and affordable, it is foreseeable that there will come a time when the fecal microbiome may be a practical diagnostic test that can be used to tailor the diet for optimum microbial composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of diet on the gastrointestinal microbiome of juvenile rehabilitating green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

et al. 2020

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Threatened and endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are unique because as juveniles they recruit from pelagic to near-shore waters and shift from an omnivorous to primarily herbivorous diet (i.e. seagrass and algae). Nevertheless, when injured and ill animals are admitted to rehabilitation, animal protein (e.g. seafood) is often offered to combat poor appetite and emaciation. We examined how the fecal microbiome of juvenile green turtles changed in response to a dietary shift during rehabilitation. We collected fecal samples from January 2014-January 2016 from turtles (N = 17) in rehabilitation at the Georgia Sea Turtle Center and used next generation sequencing to analyze bacterial community composition. Samples were collected at admission, mid-rehabilitation, and recovery, which entailed a shift from a mixed seafood-vegetable diet at admission to a primarily herbivorous diet at recovery. The dominant phyla changed over time, from primarily Firmicutes (55.0%) with less Bacteroidetes (11.4%) at admission, to primarily Bacteroidetes (38.4%) and less Firmicutes (31.8%) at recovery. While the microbiome likely shifts with the changing health status of individuals, this consistent inversion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes among individuals likely reflects the increased need for protein digestion, for which Bacteroidetes are important. Firmicutes are significant in metabolizing plant polysaccharides; thus, fewer Firmicutes may result in underutilization of wild diet items in released individuals. This study demonstrates the importance of transitioning rehabilitating green turtles to an herbivorous diet as soon as possible to afford them the best probability of survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of diet on the gastrointestinal microbiome of juvenile rehabilitating green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

et al. 2020

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“…Pyrosequencing of intestinal microbiome showed lower microbial diversity and an increase of Firmicutes due to antimicrobial compounds production by B . subtilis [ 57 ]. It is consistent with our theory which suggests that, in turtles, microbiota quantitative and qualitative reduction may lower direct competition within the host and bacteria for nutrients and result in better growth performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Probiotics Affect Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Histological Structure and Shell Mineralization in Turtles

et al. 2016

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Probiotics are widely used in nutrition, and their mode of action is intensively studied in mammals and birds; however, it is almost unknown in reptiles. In the present study, Trachemys scripta scripta and Sternotherus odoratus were used to assess the effects of dietary probiotics on chelonian gastrointestinal tract microecology. In the first, 20-week experiment, 40 young T. s. scripta were randomly distributed to four experimental groups: 1st, (CON)–with no additives; 2nd, (SSPA) with Bacillus subtilis PB6; 3rd, (MSP)–with multiple strain probiotic; and 4th, (SSPB) with Bacillus subtilis C-3102. The first study has shown that SSPA and MSP decreased the numbers of total bacteria, Enterobacteriace, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. excreted to water and increased the villous height and mucosa thickness in duodenum. SSPB improved the duodenal microstructure; however, it also increased numbers of kanamycin and vancomycin resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp., in water. In the second, 52-week experiment, 30 S. odoratus were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. CON, SSPA and MSP groups. The MSP preparation increased the body weight gain, crude ash, Ca and P share in the turtles’ shells. Both probiotics affected duodenal histomorphology. SSPA decreased the villous height, while MSP increased the villous height and mucosa thickness, and decreased the crypt depth. SSPA decreased the concentrations of bacteria excreted to water. In the case of intestinal microbiota, bacteria suppressing effects were observed in the case of both probiotics. MSP increased the number of Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp./Enteroccoccus sp., and decreased the number of Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter sp. in the small intestine. In the large intestine it lowered, amongst others, Bacteroides–Pervotella cluster, Clostridium leptum subgroup and Clostridium perfringens numbers. The above-mentioned results suggest that probiotics are useful in turtle nutrition due to their positive effects on growth performance, shell mineralization, duodenal histomorphology and microbiota.

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“…TR provided by Ningbo Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Ningbo, China) was milled into 60 mesh powder. A total of 800 g turtle feed per pool was prepared daily into granules in accordance with a standard diet formula which contained fish 62%, wheat starch 22%, soybean meal 7%, yeast powder 5%, vitamin mix 2%, and mineral 2% (w/w) (Zhang et al, 2014), and spread into each pool allowing turtles to ingest freely twice (400 g in the morning and 400 g in the evening) every day. The basal diet (control) contains 65% of marine fish powder, 24% of starch, and 2% of yeast, salt, amino acids, vitamins and minerals.…”

Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To increase the survival rate and improve the quality of the SST, the effects of nutrients, such as lipids (Perez-Casanova et al, 2010), vitamin A (Chen LP and Huang, 2015), vitamin C (Wang and Huang, 2015), vitamin E (Zhou et al, 2004), magnesium (Chen LP and Huang, 2015), and probiotics (Zhang et al, 2014), on feeding SST have been investigated in recent years. At the same time, the effects of farming environmental factors such as incubation temperatures (Dang et al, 2015), Bacillus thuringiensis fatal infections (Chen et al, 2014), and acute ammonia toxicity (Ip et al, 2008) on SST were also observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with turmeric residue increased survival of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) under high ambient temperatures

Chen

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2018

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Turmeric residue (TR), containing residual levels of curcumin, is a solid by-product waste generated after the extraction and separation of curcumin from turmeric root. A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of TR on the survival of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (SSTs), Pelodiscus sinensis, under a high ambient temperature. A total of 320 female SSTs were assigned randomly to two diets: basal diet (the control group, n=160) and an interventional diet supplemented with 10% TR (the TR group, n=160). Our results demonstrated that supplementation of TR increased the SST survival rate by 135.5%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of SST liver by 112.8%, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of SST liver by 36.4%, compared to the control group. The skin of the SST fed TR showed a golden color. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that the concentrations of curcumin in TR and the skin of the SST fed TR were (1.69±0.30) and (0.14±0.03) μg/g, respectively. Our observation suggests that supplementation of TR increased the survival rate of SST under high ambient temperatures. We speculated that the increased survival rate and tolerance at the high ambient temperature were associated with the anti-oxidation activity of curcumin from TR. Moreover, curcumin in TR could be deposited in SST skin, which made it more favored in the market of China. Our findings provide new knowledge and evidence to effectively reuse TR as a feed additive in animal and aquatic farming.

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Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic on performance and intestinal microflora of Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Trionyx sinensis)

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

The effect of diet on the gastrointestinal microbiome of juvenile rehabilitating green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

The effect of diet on the gastrointestinal microbiome of juvenile rehabilitating green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Dietary Probiotics Affect Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Histological Structure and Shell Mineralization in Turtles

Supplementation with turmeric residue increased survival of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) under high ambient temperatures

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