Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, viscosity of digesta, and intestinal morphology of growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet

Abstract

This study was to determine apparent ileal digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter (DM), energy, organic matter (OM), crude ash, digesta viscosity, and gut morphology in nursery pigs fed diets containing xylanase (Lohmann Animal Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). The diet (61% corn, 35% soybean meal, 1% poultry fat, and 3% minerals and vitamins) was mixed with 3 levels of xylanase (0, 700, and 1400 LXU/kg). Thirty-six barrows (17.6 ± 3.3 kg) received one of 3 treatment diets based on a randomized complete block design with the initial body weight (BW) as a block. Pigs were individually housed and received experimental diets twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) at a fixed amount based on BW of pigs (0.09 × BW0.75 kg). Pigs were fed diets for 10 d, and chromium oxide (0.3%) was added to the diets from d 6 as an indigestible external marker. Pigs were euthanized at the end of d 10 for the collection of digesta and tissues. Jejunal digesta were centrifuged to measure viscosity using a viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Stoughton, MA). Diets and freeze-dried ileal digesta were used to measure ADF, NDF, and chromium to calculate apparent ileal digestibility of ADF and NDF. Villus height and crypt depth of jejunum were measured using a microscope (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH). Data were analyzed using polynomial contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.3 (SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Morphological measurements and ileal ADF digestibility were not affected by increasing xylanase. However, increasing xylanase supplementation from 0 to 1400 LXU/kg enhanced ileal digestibility of NDF (P < 0.042, linear) from 27.9 to 40.3%, DM (P < 0.006, linear) from 55.4 to 64.6%, OM (P < 0.006, linear) from 59.2 to 67.7%, and energy (P < 0.003, linear) from 58.8 to 68.0%. Viscosity of jejunal digesta decreased (P < 0.023) in a non-linear manner from 2.9 to 2.5 centipoises (cP). In conclusion, the usage of xylanase in corn and soybean meal based pig diets linearly enhanced digestibility of nutrients and affected viscosity of digesta in a non-linear manner.

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbiota, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

“…Meanwhile, xylanase supplementation reduces the detrimental effects of arabinoxylans and increases digestibility of N and GE. The improvement in digestibility observed in this study was consistent with the results of Nian et al () and Passos et al (), who reported that the supplementation of xylanase in corn‐soybean meal based diet improved ileal digestibility of DM, organic matter, GE, neutral detergent fiber and crude ash. The improvement in ATTD of DM, N and GE with xylanase supplementation can, in turn, induce a significant increase in the ADG and G:F. These findings, combined with the improvement in growth performance with supplementation of 0.01% xylanase to corn‐soybean meal based diet in this study, suggested that the use of xylanase exerted a beneficial effect on weaning pig performance when a corn‐soybean meal based diet is used.…”

“…However, the results are not always consistent. Passos et al () reported that dietary supplementation of xylanase had no effect on ADG, ADFI or G:F in growing pigs fed a corn‐soybean meal based diet. Similar results were also reported in weaning and growing pigs fed wheat‐based diets (Mavromichalis et al ; Barrera et al ).…”

“…Applying exogenous enzymes is an efficient way to enhance the nutrient value of corn‐based diets for pigs and broilers (Yu et al ; Cowieson & Ravindran ; Gracia et al ; Li et al ; Cozannet et al ). The usage of xylanase in corn‐soybean meal based pig diet linearly enhanced apparent ileal digestibility (Li et al ; Passos et al ). However, pigs receiving enzyme supplementation diets do not always show the consistent improvement in growth performance and nutrient digestibility (Barrera et al ; Leek et al ; Olukosi et al ).…”

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

“…Soybean contains galactomannans which are associated with higher viscosity rate (Veum and Odle, 2001). The high intestinal viscosity of mannans has been previously shown to have negative effects on nutrient utilization (Passos et al, 2015). The lower ADG and F : G might be associated with lower digestibility of nutrients.…”

“…The improved growth performance of growing pigs fed diet supplemented with β-mannanase found in these trials might be partly due to enhanced digestibility of DM, GE and β-mannan, which was in agreement with Kim et al (2013) who reported higher final BW, digestibility of DM and GE in β-mannanase supplemented diet. High levels of NSP in pig diets can cause an increase in digesta viscosity, preventing interaction between substrate and digestive enzymes and, hence, reducing the nutrient digestibility (O'Connell et al, 2005;Passos et al, 2015). Previous studies demonstrated that supplementation of exogenous enzymes to high-NSP diets reduced the viscosity of digesta and enhanced the nutrient utilization (Parkkonen et al, 1997;Grandhi, 2001;Ji et al, 2008;Tapingkae et al, 2008).…”