Effect of dietary supplementation of palm fruit extracts on the transcriptomes of growth, antioxidant enzyme and immune-related genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio ) fingerlings

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of date palm extracts [DPE] (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) on growth, immune function and antioxidant system in common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio). One hundred and twenty fish (4.06 ± 0.13 g) were divided into six groups fed on control diet or diets containing 200 mL kg−1 DPE for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, the expression of different genes was measured. Selected genes were grouped into three categories: growth factor genes in brain and liver [growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factors I and II (IGF‐I and IGF‐II), antioxidant‐related genes in liver [glutathione S‐transferase‐alpha (GST‐α), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase genes (GPX)] and immune‐related genes in head kidney [interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) genes]. The relative expression of the growth‐related genes in fish fed DPE showed no significant increase compared to control group (P > 0.05). On the other hand, DPE altered the expression of genes encoding antioxidants enzymes in liver of fingerlings which was statistically significant with respect to the control samples in case GPX (P < 0.05). Also, DPE caused remarkable increases in the expression of the immune‐related genes (IL‐8, IL‐10 and TGF‐β) analysed on head kidney of common carp fingerlings compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it can be suggested that administration of DPE in early stages of common carp culture can promote immune efficacy and increase the antioxidant activity.

Effect of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua) syrup on blood parameters, gene expression responses and ammonia resistance in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…In our study, the amount of GPx did not change. Similar to our study, the In other studies, the effect of natural feed additives increased GPx levels in the liver (Elabd, Wang, Shaheen, Yao, & Abbass, 2016;Hoseinifar et al, 2017a), spleen (E. Yilmaz, 2019) and skin of fish (Hoseinifar et al, 2017b). In our study, SOD and CAT quantities increased significantly in the experimental groups compared with the control group.…”

“…Similar to our study, the GPx activity of shrimp fed a diet enriched with 0.01% herbal extract did not show a significant change in the 2nd and 4th weeks of the trial (Harikrishnan et al, ; Harikrishnan, Balasundaram, & Heo, ; Harikrishnan, Balasundaram, Jawahar, & Heo, ). In other studies, the effect of natural feed additives increased GPx levels in the liver (Elabd, Wang, Shaheen, Yao, & Abbass, ; Hoseinifar et al, ), spleen (E. Yilmaz, ) and skin of fish (Hoseinifar et al, ). In our study, SOD and CAT quantities increased significantly in the experimental groups compared with the control group.…”

“…Previous studies investigated the use of carob in animal diets (Abu Hafsa, Ibrahim, & Hassan, 2017;Klemm, Stober, & Lazorchak, 1993;Obeidat et al, 2011;. The use of blood parameters, oxidative stress parameters and gene expression are emphasized in aquaculture to prevent diseases and assess health status (Cecchini et al, 2016;Fazio, 2019;Hoseinifar, Dadar, Khalili, Cerezuela, & Esteban, 2017a). However, no study to date has investigated the effect of carob syrup on gene expression and ammonia stress in fish.…”

Effect of Indian lotus (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) leaf powder on immune status and disease resistance of Nile tilapia

“…In the present study, 0.4% Indian lotus induced significant up‐regulation to IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression levels in tilapia ( p < 0.05). Similar up‐regulation of cytokine genes have been previously reported in Nile tilapia fed on holy basil, Ocimum sanctum, extract (Panprommin, Kaewpunnin, & Insee, ), common carp fed on date palm extracts, Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae and loquat leaf extract, Eriobotrya japonica (Hoseinifar, Dadar, Khalili, Cerezuela, & Esteban, ; Hoseinifar, Zou, Doan, Miandare, & Hoseini, ). However, down‐regulation of the expression levels of these genes was observed in 0.1% and 0.2% Indian lotus‐supplemented groups.…”

The study of antioxidant enzymes and immune-related genes expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings fed different prebiotics

“…In prebiotics research in fish, not much has been carried out on the effects of these dietary supplements in the antioxidant status in fish. However, in a recent study involving probiotics and palm fruit extracts showed that these dietary supplements altered the expression of selected antioxidant genes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and GR particularly in the gills and skin of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (Esteban et al., ) and common carp (Hoseinifar, Dadar, Khalili, Cerezuela & Esteban, ). These preliminary findings seem to indicate that prebiotics have important roles in the antioxidant capacity in various organisms when incorporated in the feed.…”