Effect of dietary xylitol on growth and inflammatory responses in immune stimulated chickens

Takahashi, Kyoko; Onodera, Kengo; Akiba, Yukio

doi:10.1080/00071669987359

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the present study, the reduction in feed intake and daily gain caused by LPS exposure was in agreement with the results of other studies (Piquer et al 1995;Webel et al 1998;Takahashi et al 1999). LPS injection elevates blood proinflammatory cytokine levels, which mediate systemic components of the inflammatory response, such as fever and anorexia, and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Klasing et al 1987;Klasing 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

et al. 2011

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Hu, X. F., Guo, Y. M., Li, J. H., Yan, G. L., Bun, S. and Huang, B. Y. 2011. Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 379–384. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of early exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Seven-day-old birds were randomly allotted to two equal treatments: an LPS-injected treatment in which the birds were injected intraperitoneally with LPS 500 µg kg−1 body weight (dissolved in 1 mL saline) on 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19 d of age, i.e., on days 1, 3, and 5 d for 2 continuous weeks, and a control treatment (CTRL) in which the birds were similarly injected with 1 mL saline as a placebo. In exp. 1, food intake and weight gain were monitored over the 2 wk, the weight of the small bowel was determined at 14 and 21 d of age and duodenal and jejunal villus height and crypt depth, D-xylose uptake were also measured at 21 d. In exp. 2, additional measurements of the intestinal peristalsis ratio and the BrdU-labeling index and duodenal sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) mRNA level were made at 21 d of age. The results showed that LPS challenge decreased feed intake, daily gain, duodenal and jejunal villus height and crypt depth, plasma D-xylose concentration and intestinal BrdUrd-labeling index, respectively (P<0.05) as well as small bowel weight at 14 and 21 d of age (P<0.05). Conversely, LPS injection increased SGLT1 mRNA level in the small intestine (P<0.05) and the small intestinal relative weight at 14 (P<0.05) and 21 d of age (P=0.063). Following LPS injection there were non-significant changes in feed conversion ratio and intestinal peristalsis ratio (P>0.05). In conclusion, early LPS challenge delayed the growth of intestine and impaired small intestinal structure and absorptive function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Birds in the treatment designated as ''LPS-injected'' were injected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 500 mg kg (1 BW (Sigma, L-2880) (Takahashi et al 1999) dissolved in 1 mL saline on 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19 d of age and control (CTRL) birds were injected with 1 mL saline as a placebo.…”

Section: Animals and Lps Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

et al. 2011

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“…Barnesiella species have been negatively correlated with the colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in mice intestines [ 33 ] and the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in children at risk of asthma [ 34 ]. In contrast, dietary xylitol suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in male broiler chickens [ 35 ] and has been shown to ameliorate human respiratory syncytial virus infections in mice [ 36 ]. Collectively, changes in the fecal microbiota of animals fed xylitol might affect immune responses or colonization of some bacterial species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Consuming Xylitol on Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mice

et al. 2017

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The sugar alcohol xylitol inhibits the growth of some bacterial species including Streptococcus mutans. It is used as a food additive to prevent caries. We previously showed that 1.5–4.0 g/kg body weight/day xylitol as part of a high-fat diet (HFD) improved lipid metabolism in rats. However, the effects of lower daily doses of dietary xylitol on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism are unclear. We examined the effect of 40 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day xylitol intake on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in mice. Bacterial compositions were characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and targeted real-time PCR. Luminal metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Plasma lipid parameters and glucose tolerance were examined. Dietary supplementation with low- or medium-dose xylitol (40 or 194 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively) significantly altered the fecal microbiota composition in mice. Relative to mice not fed xylitol, the addition of medium-dose xylitol to a regular and HFD in experimental mice reduced the abundance of fecal Bacteroidetes phylum and the genus Barnesiella, whereas the abundance of Firmicutes phylum and the genus Prevotella was increased in mice fed an HFD with medium-dose dietary xylitol. Body composition, hepatic and serum lipid parameters, oral glucose tolerance, and luminal metabolites were unaffected by xylitol consumption. In mice, 40 and 194 mg/kg body weight/day xylitol in the diet induced gradual changes in gut microbiota but not in lipid metabolism.

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“…However, the concentration of these proteins depends on numerous endogenous and exogenous factors that are associated with diet [1][2][3][39][40][41][42]. The available literature contains no information on the effect of feed additives in the form of zinc glycine chelates and zinc sulfates on the concentration of the APPs in poultry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Glycine Chelate on Concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins in Chicken Serum and Liver Tissue

Jarosz

Marek

Grądzki

et al. 2018

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The aim of the study was to determine how inorganic and organic forms of zinc affect the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α-1-AGP), haptoglobin (Hp), and transferrin (TRF) in the blood and liver tissue of 450 1-day-old Ross 308 chicken. Four experimental groups received one the following: inorganic zinc (ZnSO 4 ), a zinc phytase enzyme supplement (ZnSO 4 -F), organic zinc in combination with glycine (Zn-Gly), or organic zinc supplemented with phytase (Zn-Gly-F). The chicken serum and liver homogenates were assayed using an ELISA kit. The results of the study showed statistically significantly higher serum and liver concentration of SAA in the group of birds that received zinc sulfate in comparison to the group of birds receiving zinc in organic form. A statistically significantly higher serum concentration of CRP and α-1-AGP was also noted in the group receiving zinc sulfate as compared to the Zn-Gly group. Comparison of the serum concentration of TRF between the supplemented groups showed a statistically significant increase in this parameter in the ZnGly-F group as compared to the ZSO 4 -F group. The increase in the serum concentration of Hp in all groups in comparison to the control may indicate stimulation of local immune mechanisms. The results of this study showed an increase in the concentrations of APPs such as AGP and TRF following the administration of zinc glycine chelates, which may demonstrate their effect on metabolic processes in the liver and on immunocompetent cells that regulate the intensity of the immune response.

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Effect of dietary xylitol on growth and inflammatory responses in immune stimulated chickens

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

Effects of Consuming Xylitol on Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mice

Effect of Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Glycine Chelate on Concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins in Chicken Serum and Liver Tissue

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