“…Numerous studies have extensively reported the relationship between nutrition, dietary supplements and fish immunity (Hassaan et al., 2020; Kiron, 2012; Li & Gatlin, 2006; Yamamoto et al., 2020). Two decades of research have shown that dietary nucleotide supplementation to fish generally results in positive influences on growth performance, immunity, disease resistance, osmoregulation, stress tolerance and survival in various fish species (Burrells, Williams, & Forno, 2001; de Cruz, Yamamoto, Castillo, & Gatlin, 2020; de Cruz, Yamamoto, Ju, et al, 2020; Guo et al., 2019; Reda, Selim, Mahmoud, & El‐Araby, 2018; Welker, Lim, Yildirim‐Aksoy, & Klesius, 2011; Zhang et al., 2019). It is well established that seafood products have high concentrations of purine compounds that include nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleic acids (Kojima, 1974).…”