Effect of diets containing different levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids on physiological and immune responses in Pacific whiteleg shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone) exposed to handling stress

Abstract

Juveniles fed a diet containing a low or a high level of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) for 38 days were exposed to handling stress. In a ¢rst experiment, stress was applied daily for 30 days, after which the physiological and immunological variables were measured, whereas in a second experiment, stress was applied once and samples were obtained 1 and 24 h after the stressor event. Shrimp that were stressed for 30 days showed signi¢cantly lower survival, ¢nal weight and feed consumption compared with unstressed shrimp. The concentration of the high-density lipoprotein b-glucan-binding protein was signi¢cantly higher in shrimp fed the high-HUFA diet. The glucose concentration in the haemolymph was signi¢cantly higher in long-term stressed shrimp compared to controls. The lactate level in the haemolymph was signi¢cantly lower in shrimp fed the high-HUFA diet. Lactate and glucose in the haemolymph increased in the 1-h stressed shrimp, but returned to normal levels in 24-h stressed shrimp. A negative e¡ect of repeated-handling stress applied for 30 days was mainly observed on biological performance, whereas the single-stressor event had a more pronounced e¡ect on shrimp physiological and immune responses measured 1 and 24 h after the stressor. A bene¢cial role of enrich-ment with HUFA on tolerance to handling stress was observed on immune response capacity.

Evaluation of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Health during a Superintensive Aquaculture Growout Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

“…The SDS from the raceway stocking PCA model (pre- vs. post-stocking) exhibited lower levels of proline, maltose, glucose and trehalose, UDP-glucose and higher levels of glycine, N,N-dimethylglycine, lactate, BCAAs, asparagine, arginine, choline, betaine, carnitine, glucose-1-phosphate and AMP in response to the stocking (Figure 5B, Table S3(e)). These results are typical and well known as handling stress responses for crustaceans [78]–[80]. The decrease in muscle carbohydrates and increase in lactate level indicate glycolytic fuel production.…”

Immunological function in marine invertebrates: Responses to environmental perturbation

“…This is highlighted by Mercier et al [68] who suggest a change in the proportion of hyalinocytes to be a possible mechanism for the increased clotting time demonstrated in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp L. (¼Penaeus) vannamei 1 h after exposure to a handling stress.…”

Physiological and biochemical changes of wild and cultivated juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Crustacea: Penaeidae) during molt cycle

“…The digestive gland, the hepatopancreas, is an important gland for storage of glycogen (Loret, 1993), which is used in the formation of the exoskeleton . Variations in osmoregulatory capacity and blood glucose concentrations have also been studied in order to detect physiological stress (Charmantier et al, 1989(Charmantier et al, , 1994Mercier et al, 2009;Aparicio-Simon et al, 2010) or the effect of toxic compounds (Lignot et al, 2000), or to relate these variations to molt stages (Galindo et al, 2009).…”