Effect of different doses of creatine on the bone in thirty days of supplementation in mice: FT-Raman study

Abstract

In this study, Raman spectroscopy was employed in order to provide information about the effects of different doses of creatine on bone tissue composition of phosphate apatite (960 cm–1), carbonate apatite (1170 cm–1) representing the mineral content and collagen matrix (amide I, 1665 cm–1). The animals (27 Balb-C male) were divided into three groups (n═ per group): control (CON), supplemented with 0.5 g/kg (Cre-0.5) and with 2.0 g/kg (Cre-2.0) creatine. The experiment was carried out for thirty days. After this time, the right femur of each animal was harvested. The specimens were assessment by FT-Raman spectroscopy and in a total of 81 spectra were acquired in the medial diaphysis of the femur. The Raman data strongly suggest that only the creatine supplementation of 0.5 g/kg effective to the bone constitution. Furthermore, the present results demonstrate that creatine ingestion provokes decrease in the relative presence of carbonate in the chemical constitution of bones. The decrease in the carbonate content can be associated to a significantly bone resistance altered to several mammalians. The analysis evidenced that the mineral concentrations in the Raman spectroscopy could be a feasible method for non-invasive or minimally invasive assessment of bone tissue composition. Probably this high sensitivity can be employed to determine spectral profiles, such as wavelength of maximum absorption and maximum intensity of absorption of each wavelength, of several bone diseases.

Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation on Aging Muscle and Bone: Focus on Falls Prevention and Inflammation

“…Studies involving ovariectomized rats or male mice using Fourier-transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy, an optical technique for assessing bone mineral content, have suggested a positive effect of creatine supplementation on bone [61,62]. Ovariectomized rats that were supplemented with 300 mg/kg/day creatine (which equates to about 21 g/day in humans) for 8 weeks had a significant increase in phosphate content in the trabecular bone of the lumbar vertebrae [62] and male mice who were supplemented with either 0.5 g or 2 g/kg/day creatine for 30 days had a decrease in the carbonate/phosphate ratio assessed in the femur [61]. The effect was not different between doses of creatine.…”