Effect of differentNeotyphodiumendophytes on root distribution of a perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenneL.) cultivar

Crush, J. R.; Popay, Alison J.; Waller, J. E.

doi:10.1080/00288233.2004.9513603

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This suggests that tiller size/density compensation processes (Matthew et al 1996) were being expressed and, as reported by Matthew et al (1991), the results for root counts were not confounded by plant type)defoliation effects. Other work (Crush et al 2004) suggests that any differences in endophyte strains among the ryegrasses would have only very minor effects on root distribution. The two-weekly root counts would have been sufficiently frequent to minimise errors associated with root death and decay between successive samplings (Gibbs & Reid 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root growth patterns of perennial ryegrasses under well-watered and drought conditions

Wedderburn

Crush

Pengelly

et al. 2010

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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A boroscope and mini-rhizotrons were used to explore root growth patterns in five different ryegrasses grown outdoors under simulated field edaphic conditions including drought. Few major differences in root counts were found among the ryegrasses. The seasonal patterns of root counts in well-watered treatments showed an autumn peak that was later (or even suppressed) as autumn soil temperatures increased in consecutive years. Seasonal patterns were not measurable at more than 7 cm depth down the profile. The summer drought resulted in an increase in root counts right down the profile, which started about a month after the drought began. This was followed by rapid death of roots in the top 15 cm of soil but lower death rates deeper in the soil. After rewetting of the soil, there was a delay of approximately 1 month before a rapid increase in root production occurred. This overcame the apparent high soil temperature inhibition of autumn root growth in the well-watered control treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root growth patterns of perennial ryegrasses under well-watered and drought conditions

Wedderburn

Crush

Pengelly

et al. 2010

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…In some circumstances endophyte infection has been shown to increase root/shoot DW ratios in ryegrass (Hesse et al 2005;Ren et al 2007), but there have been few investigations of endophyte effects on root system shape. In a previous experiment (Crush et al 2004), endophyte infection in perennial ryegrass decreased root mean GSA so that there were fewer roots close to the surface than in endophyte-free plants, but different endophyte strains had little effect on root distribution. Another experiment, however, showed no effect of endophyte infection on ryegrass root distribution (Popay & Crush 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Adventitious root mass distribution in progeny of four perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) groups selected for root shape

Crush

Nichols

Ouyang

2010

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The effects of one cycle of selection for adventitious root system shape (i.e. percentage of total root mass in successive depth increments) were investigated in progeny of four perennial ryegrass pools with contrasting rooting patterns: (1) low surface (0Á10 cm) root mass and roots to 1 m; (2) high surface root mass and roots to 1 m; (3) high root mass 10Á20 cm and roots to 1 m; (4) high surface root mass, shallow rooting. Ten half-sib families were selected from each of the root type progenies, and five seeds from each family were sown and raised as stock plants. Tiller cuttings of each plant were planted into individual 1 m deep root screening tubes of sand and irrigated with nutrient solution After 115 days, the shoots were cut off, the sand/root column cut into 10 cm increments and the roots washed free of sand. The shoots and root samples were ovendried and weighed. The four root shape progeny groups did not differ significantly for shoot or root dry weight (DW), or root/shoot DW ratio. Root type 2 (high surface root mass and roots to 1 m) progeny had a significantly higher percentage of total root mass between 0 and 10 cm than did root type 1 (low surface root mass and roots to 1 m) but none of the other differences were significant for percentage roots 0Á10 cm. The root type 2 progeny had a lower percentage of total root DW between 10 and 20 cm than all the other root types, none of which differed and had a significantly lower percentage of root DW 20Á30 cm than types 1 and 4 but did not differ at this depth from type 3 progeny. The probability of root type 4 (high surface root mass, shallow rooting) plants having roots at 1 m depth was 0.67; this was significantly lower than for the other selections, none of which varied significantly. These results indicate that it should be possible to change root system shape in perennial ryegrass using conventional breeding techniques.

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“…Results suggest that endophyte-mediated responses to water deficit are a combination of drought avoidance, tolerance and recovery mechanisms, and may vary among individual symbionts in the population. Alterations of root architecture [176][177][178], and morphology and functions [144,179,180] may be the primary basis for drought tolerance in endophyte-infected grasses. Protection of growth meristems and cell membrane functions by antioxidants from oxidative stress caused by excess of free radicals may be a secondary mechanism [27,89,168].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Endophyte-induced Tolerance To Abiotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) fungal endophytes increase adaptation of cool-season perennial grasses to environmental stresses

Malinowski¹,

Belesky

2019

Acta Agrobot

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Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing resistance to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other nonalkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing ergot and/or lolitrem alkaloids. These novel endophyte strains have been introduced to several grass cultivars with the idea to increase grass host resistance to abiotic stresses without hindering grazing livestock, and abiotic stresses to ensure high competitive ability of symbiotic grass cultivars. In this presentation, we discuss mechanisms underlying the competitiveness of epichloid endophyte/grass associations and consequences of endophyte infection for grassland ecosystem functions.

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Effect of differentNeotyphodiumendophytes on root distribution of a perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenneL.) cultivar

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Root growth patterns of perennial ryegrasses under well-watered and drought conditions

Root growth patterns of perennial ryegrasses under well-watered and drought conditions

Adventitious root mass distribution in progeny of four perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) groups selected for root shape

Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) fungal endophytes increase adaptation of cool-season perennial grasses to environmental stresses

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