Effect of Different Levels of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supply on Fatty Acid Status and Linoleic and α‐Linolenic Acid Conversion in Preterm Infants

Sauerwald, Ulrike; Fink, M.; Demmelmair, Hans; Schoenaich, P. v.; Rauh-Pfeiffer, Astrid A. M.; Koletzko, Berthold

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31823c3bfd

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, PUFA plasma concentrations were positively correlated with the dietary intakes for ARA, EPA, DPA, and DHA species. These data indicated that, as previously published, plasma total concentrations of the most physiologically abundant PUFAs reflect, in general, their recent dietary intakes[20,21]. In the absence of a study investigating the flux of different PUFA species, it is difficult to interpret why the intake-plasma correlations were significant in girls only for ARA (the most abundant n-6 species), whereas in boys it was significant for DPA, EPA, and DHA (all n-3 species).…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Genetic and epigenetic transgenerational implications related to omega-3 fatty acids. Part I: maternal FADS2 genotype and DNA methylation correlate with polyunsaturated fatty acid status in toddlers: an exploratory analysis

et al. 2015

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supporting

confidence: 64%

Genetic and epigenetic transgenerational implications related to omega-3 fatty acids. Part I: maternal FADS2 genotype and DNA methylation correlate with polyunsaturated fatty acid status in toddlers: an exploratory analysis

et al. 2015

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“…Selected long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), seem to be essential for developing membranes, especially those of neurons and glial cells [68]. Long-term deficiency of DHA is associated with impaired neuronal development and function, and some studies have shown improved neuronal function as a result of supplements of DHA.…”

Section: Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition Of Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive Nutrition of the Preterm Infant

2013

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Nutrition of preterm infants should result in growth similar to that of normally growing fetuses of the same gestational age. Unfortunately, most preterm infants are not fed enough to achieve this objective; as a result they are growth restricted by term gestation. Recent studies have demonstrated that early and enhanced “aggressive” nutrition of preterm infants can reduce postnatal growth failure and improve longer-term outcomes, particularly for the brain and its cognitive functions. When preterm infants are fed more aggressively (earlier onset of intravenous and enteral feeding, earlier achievement of full enteral feeding) cumulative energy and protein deficits are reduced and they consistently regain birth weight sooner, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis is unchanged or reduced, and they achieve discharge criteria and go home sooner, with overall shorter hospital stays, and have improved anthropometrics by term gestation. More research is needed, however, to determine optimum feeding of preterm infants, particularly during periods of illness and physiological instability.

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“…The increased metabolic need of DHA during pregnancy can be compensated for by: (1) dietary intake; (2) increasing the capacity to metabolize ALA to DHA [ 19 ]; (3) preferential use of DHA reserves mobilized from adipose tissue [ 20 ]; and (4) saving DHA, because of amenorrhea during pregnancy [ 18 , 21 ]. Regarding diet, sources of n -3 PUFA are limited, and estimated intakes of EPA and DHA in various populations are below the recommended levels [ 22 ]; it is also known that DHA intake of women from industrialized countries is usually low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of Maternal Diet and Erythrocyte Phospholipid Status in Chilean Pregnant Women

et al. 2014

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Chilean diets are characterized by a low supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which are critical nutrients during pregnancy and lactation, because of their role in brain and visual development. DHA is the most relevant n-3 PUFA in this period. We evaluated the dietary n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocyte phospholipids n-3 PUFA in Chilean pregnant women. Eighty healthy pregnant women (20–36 years old) in the 3rd–6th month of pregnancy were included in the study. Dietary assessment was done applying a food frequency questionnaire, and data were analyzed through the Food Processor SQL® software. Fatty acids of erythrocyte phospholipids were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. Diet composition was high in saturated fat, low in mono- and PUFA, high in n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid) and low in n-3 PUFA (alpha-linolenic acid and DHA), with imbalance in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Similar results were observed for fatty acids from erythrocyte phospholipids. The sample of Chilean pregnant women showed high consumption of saturated fat and low consumption of n-3 PUFA, which is reflected in the low DHA content of erythrocyte phospholipids. Imbalance between n-6/n-3 PUFA could negatively affect fetal development. New strategies are necessary to improve n-3 PUFA intake throughout pregnancy and breast feeding periods. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop dietary interventions to improve the quality of consumed foods with particular emphasis on n-3 PUFA.

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Effect of Different Levels of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supply on Fatty Acid Status and Linoleic and α‐Linolenic Acid Conversion in Preterm Infants

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Genetic and epigenetic transgenerational implications related to omega-3 fatty acids. Part I: maternal FADS2 genotype and DNA methylation correlate with polyunsaturated fatty acid status in toddlers: an exploratory analysis

Genetic and epigenetic transgenerational implications related to omega-3 fatty acids. Part I: maternal FADS2 genotype and DNA methylation correlate with polyunsaturated fatty acid status in toddlers: an exploratory analysis

Aggressive Nutrition of the Preterm Infant

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of Maternal Diet and Erythrocyte Phospholipid Status in Chilean Pregnant Women

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