Effect of Different Levels of Maternally Derived Antibodies on Protection Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Al-Natour, Mohammad Q.; Ward, Lucy A.; Saif, Y. M.; Stewart-Brown, B.; Keck, L. D.

doi:10.1637/5319

Cited by 78 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Extensive research in captive birds shows that only temporary protection is provided by maternal antibodies to WNV and other microorganisms, because passively acquired antibodies are typically catabolized in less than 3 weeks. 15,16,18,19,27,28 During 2004-2008, WNV was detected at the pelican colonies when most of the chicks were between 4 and 10 weeks of age; the majority was from 6 to 8 weeks and well past the period when maternally acquired antibodies would provide protection against challenge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus in American White Pelican Chicks: Transmission, Immunity, and Survival

Sovada

Pietz²,

Hofmeister³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. West Nile virus (WNV) causes significant mortality of American White Pelican chicks at northern plains colonies. We tested oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs from moribund chicks for shed WNV. Such shedding could enable chick-to-chick transmission and help explain why WNV spreads rapidly in colonies. WNV was detected on swabs from 11% of chicks in 2006 and 52% of chicks in 2007; however, viral titers were low. Before onset of WNV mortality, we tested blood from 3-week-old chicks for antibodies to WNV; 5% of chicks were seropositive, suggesting passive transfer of maternal antibodies. Among near-fledged chicks, 41% tested positive for anti-WNV antibodies, indicating that they survived infection. Among years and colonies, cumulative incidence of WNV in chicks varied from 28% to 81%, whereas the proportion of chicks surviving WNV (i.e., seropositive) was 64-75%. Our data revealed that WNV kills chicks that likely would fledge in the absence of WNV, that infection of chicks is pervasive, and that significant numbers of chicks survive infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus in American White Pelican Chicks: Transmission, Immunity, and Survival

Sovada

Pietz²,

Hofmeister³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…W zależności od charakteru TLR przyłączenie się cząsteczki PAMPs stanowiącej jego agonistę może między innymi w efekcie stymulować rozwój stanu zapalnego, wytwarzanie IFN gamma czy fagocytozę. Dotychczasowa analiza genomu ptaków pozwoliła na stwierdzenie obecności 10 receptorów Toll-podobnych: TLR 1LA, 1LB, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15 oraz TLR 21, z których sześć (TLR 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5 i 7) są homologiczne do receptorów występujących u ssaków (3,34,35). Wykazano, że TLR2, które razem z TLR1 tworzą heterodimery, mają zdolność rozpoznawania peptydoglikanów, kwasu lipotejchojowego (LTA) oraz liposacharydów (LPS) ścian komórko-wych bakterii G+ (14), TLR3 rozpoznają wirusowe dwuniciowe RNA, a TLR4 rozpoznaje LPS bakterii G-.…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

“…Przeciwciała klasy IgY krążące w surowicy nioski i wytwarzane w tkance pęcherzy-ków jajnikowych oprócz ochrony przed zakażeniem jajnika, absorbowane są również do żółtka jako przeciwciała matczyne (21) i (tak jak IgG u ssaków) są one immunnoglobulinami dominującymi, przekazywanymi potomstwu (8). Wykazano, że przeciwciała te są selektywnie wydzielane z układu krążenia nioski do żółtka (25,26) oraz że ich poziom w żółtku nie jest stały i zależy od stężenia tych immunoglobulin w surowicy matki (3,8,17,18) oraz od rasy kur (33). Przekazywanie przeciwciał IgY przebiega dwuetapowo.…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

Selected issues in local immune system of hen's reproductive tract

Kowalczyk¹,

Smiałek²,

Tykałowski³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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In terms of its anatomy and functions, the reproductive system of birds is significantly different from the one found in mammals. It consists of only the left ovary and the left oviduct, which is constantly exposed to ascending infections because of its connection with the cloaca. Hence, the proper functioning of humoral and cell-mediated local immune mechanisms in this system is very important for maintaining its physiological functions. The expression of Toll-like receptors and the presence of T and B lymphocytes have been demonstrated in both the ovary and the oviduct of chickens. CD4+ T cell subpopulation is distributed mainly in the lamina propria of the oviduct, whereas in the submucous membrane and muscular layer these cells are found less frequently. CD8+ T lymphocytes are equally distributed in all abovementioned layers of the oviduct wall. IgY+ B cells are distributed among the epithelial cells, and they are closely connected with the glandular tissue of the oviduct, mainly in the infundibulum, magnum, and uterus regions. IgA+ and IgM+ B cells are present in the entire oviduct, but mainly in the glandular tissue of the magnum. IgY+ B cells have not been detected in the ovary, unlike IgM+ B cells, which have been demonstrated in the ovary stroma. In addition to T and B cells, antigen-presenting cells are present in the follicle wall and in the oviduct. During the early stages of reproductive maturation, a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells is observed in the reproductive system, and the local immnosuppression increases the susceptibility of birds to Salmonella Enteritidis infections. The number of T and B lymphocytes in the mucous membrane of the oviduct decreases with age, which facilitates infections of the reproductive system. Additionally, the local immune mechanisms of the reproductive system in birds involve the transfer of protective IgY, IgA and IgM maternal antibodies to hatching eggs. The local immune mechanisms of the reproductive tract are responsible for preventing infections that disturb the physiological functions of the reproductive system and for protecting eggs from contamination.

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“…The amount of IgY transferred to the egg yolk is proportional to maternal serum IgG concentrations (Loeken and Roth, 1983;Al-Natour et al, 2004;Hamal et al, 2006). The transfer of circulating anti-Salmonellae antibody (IgG) into egg yolk (IgY), was demonstrated by Chalghoumi et al (2008) and Bailey et al (2007a), after vaccination with serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium.…”

Section: Vaccine Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Salmonella in Poultry Through Vaccination and Prophylactic Antibody Treatment

Pavic¹,

Groves²,

Cox³

2012

Biochemical Testing

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Effect of Different Levels of Maternally Derived Antibodies on Protection Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

West Nile Virus in American White Pelican Chicks: Transmission, Immunity, and Survival

West Nile Virus in American White Pelican Chicks: Transmission, Immunity, and Survival

Selected issues in local immune system of hen's reproductive tract

Control of Salmonella in Poultry Through Vaccination and Prophylactic Antibody Treatment

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