Effect of different masses, ages, and coats on the thermoregulation of dogs before and after exercise across different seasons

Jiménez, Ana Gabriela; Paul, Kailey D; Zafar, Aziz; Ay, Ahmet

doi:10.1007/s11259-022-10045-2

Cited by 4 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…We used two estimates of T b : through tympanic membranes (T ear ) using an instant ear thermometer (Pet‐Temp infrared Ear thermometer; Model PT‐300) and through thermal imaging (FLIR C2; FLIR Systems; Jimenez et al, 2023). These two measurements give a comprehensive view of T b and heat dissipation, including potential thermal windows, in dogs of various sizes (Jimenez et al, 2023; Osinchuk et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T ear , functioning as a proxy of core body temperature (T b ), was correlated in relation to body mass, morphology, and age. Overall, we hypothesized that the mean increase in body temperature after exercise would be less that nonathletic dogs, based on findings from previous studies (Erjavec et al, 2022; Hall & Carter, 2017; Jimenez et al, 2023). A reduced range of temperature flux may be due in part to the superior cooling methods, for example movement of heat and blood flow to the extremities, present in canine athletes to mitigate increased metabolic demands (Gunn, 1978; Pichová et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal relations in sled dogs before and after exercise

Paul,

Jiménez

2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Regulation of internal body temperature (Tb), or thermoregulation, is an evolutionarily conserved trait that places demand on basal metabolic rate of endothermic animals. Across species, athletes generate increased quantities of heat in comparison to their nonathletic counterparts and, therefore, must mediate physiological unbalance by upregulating the effectiveness of their heat dissipation abilities. Canine athletes are no exception to this phenomenon, however, with literature denoting body temperatures lower than nonathletic canines, it is clear they must possess adaptations to mitigate this demand. With VO2 max measurements of more than 200 mL/kg/min in sled dogs with mild training to 300 mL/kg/min in highly trained animals, sled dogs are a prime example of athleticism in canines. Seeking to determine correlations between Tear and body mass, morphology, and age of canine athletes, core body temperature (Tb) was measured with an instant ear thermometer, using Tear as a correlate before and after a 2‐mile run. In addition, we employed thermal imaging analysis to capture body‐wide heat dissipation patterns in sled dogs, and focused on thermal variation of mouth (Tmouth), nose (Tnose), and eyes (Teye). Furthermore, we looked at correlations between thermal variability across these four tissues and head morphology of each dog. Tear was consistently the highest temperature across all tissues measured, with a 1.5°C increase between pre‐ to postexercise (p < 0.001). Thermal imaging revealed significant positive correlations between Tmouth and body mass 15 min postexercise (p = 0.0023) as well as significantly negative correlations between Tnose and body mass at before exercise (p = 0.0468), Teye and nose length after run (p = 0.0076), and Tmouth and nose length after run (p = 0.0110). As body temperature rises during exercise, it becomes increasingly important to regulate blood flow throughout the body to supply working tissues with oxygen. This demand is offset by the role of the snout in evaporative cooling through panting, functioning as a prime location for heat dissipation and therefore maintaining significant relationships with many other vascularized tissues.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal relations in sled dogs before and after exercise

Paul,

Jiménez

2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

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“…work), there is evidence for a large variation in exposure and sensitivity to heat stress (Otto et al., 2017; Gogolski et al., 2020; McGraw and Thomas, 2021). –Hales and Dampney (1975), investigated vulnerability to cold stress in Greyhounds. –Other examples are studies on brachycephalic‐type breeds (Bruchim et al., 2017; Davis et al., 2017; Caldas et al., 2022; Gallman et al., 2023), on coat and fur (Turnpenny et al., 2000; McNicholl et al., 2016) and on different sizes (Jimenez et al., 2023). …”

Section: Judgement 1: Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding may be explained by a lower insulating capacity exerted by short coats when compared with long coats. The effects of coat type and colour are, however, unclear, as results in the scientific literature are contrasting (Jimenez et al, 2023). Coat colour affected the efficiency of thermoregulation in racing dogs, for example, McNicholl et al (2016) reported that dark coated greyhounds had an increased post-race rectal temperature when compared with light coloured greyhounds.…”

Section: Overall Recommendations On This Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body mass, body surface area and metabolic rate are tightly associated. Although the scientific literature about dog thermal zones is still scant, a recent study by Jimenez et al (2023) suggested that there are differences in how dog breeds of different sizes produce heat and dissipate it after physical exercise. These results are in agreement with previous studies.…”

Section: Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific and technical assistance on welfare aspects related to housing and health of cats and dogs in commercial breeding establishments

Candiani,

Drewe,

Forkman

et al. 2023

EFS2

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This Scientific Report addresses a mandate from the European Commission according to Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 on the welfare of cats and dogs in commercial breeding establishments kept for sport, hunting and companion purposes. The aim was to scrutinise recent recommendations made by the EU Platform on Animal Welfare Voluntary Initiative on measures to assist the preparation of policy options for the legal framework of commercial breeding of cats and dogs. Specifically, the main question addressed was if there is scientific evidence to support the measures for protection of cats and dogs in commercial breeding related to housing, health considerations and painful procedures. Three judgements were carried out based on scientific literature reviews and, where possible a review of national regulations. The first judgement addressed housing and included: type of accommodation, outdoor access, exercise, social behaviour, housing temperature and light requirements. The second judgement addressed health and included: age at first and last breeding, and breeding frequency. Judgement 3 addressed painful procedures (mutilations or convenience surgeries) and included: ear cropping, tail docking and vocal cord resections in dogs and declawing in cats. For each of these judgements, considerations were provided indicating where scientific literature is available to support recommendations on providing or avoiding specific housing, health or painful surgical interventions. Areas where evidence is lacking are indicated.

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