Effect of different metal oxides on the catalytic activity of γ-Al₂O₃–MgO supported bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from WCO

Abstract

The catalytic activity of different γ-Al2O3–MgO supported bifunctional solid catalysts was successfully evaluated by carrying out simultaneous esterification–transesterification in waste cooking oil.

A Detail Description on Catalytic Conversion of Waste Palm Cooking Oil into Biodiesel and Its Derivatives: New Functionalized Ionic Liquid Process

“…Thus the transesterification reaction kinetics was calculated only for the forward reactions. Similar approach was applied in the literature during the biodiesel production kinetic study with different catalysts and feedstocks …”

Synthesis of bifunctional nanocatalyst from waste palm kernel shell and its application for biodiesel production

“…These results indicated that the amounts of basicity and acidity on the catalyst surface could be the most important role in producing FAME at a relatively mild reaction condition. The highest FAME percentage yield can be obtained with the optimum number of active components available on the catalyst surface for one-pot esterication-transesterication reaction suggested by Farooq et al 18 From the above characterization and catalytic testing, PKSAC-K 2 CO 3(30%) CuO (5%) was chosen for further investigation by varying the wt% of K 2 CO 3 with 5 wt% of CuO.…”

“…The decreasing of basic active sites led to exposure of acid active components on the catalyst surface, thus affecting the amount of NH 3 desorption to slightly increase at the high temperature, as presented. 18 The comparison was also conducted for FTIR spectrum between the fresh catalyst and spent PKSAC-K 2 CO 3(30%) CuO (5%) catalyst aer the sixth reaction cycle. From Fig.…”

Probing the Catalytic Efficiency of Supported Heteropoly Acids for Esterification: Effect of Weak Catalyst Support Interactions

“…On the contrary, heterogeneous catalysts offer better alternative to their counterparts due to their ease of separation from the reaction medium [13,14]. In addition, heterogeneous catalysts are less expensive, are easily available, possess longer durability, are easy to regenerate, and are more stable at high temperatures and pressure [15].…”