Effect of Different Moisture Stress Levels on Corn Growth in Field Lysimeters

Ahmad, Niaz; Kanwar, Rameshwar S.

doi:10.13031/2013.31828

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Literature studies have shown a 7-27% maize yield increase with decreasing water table depth from 0.5 m to 1.5 m in Iowa (Ahmad and Kanwar, 1991;Kalita and Kanwar, 1992;Helmers et al, 2012) and an optimum water table depth for maximizing maize production in other environments (Florio et al, 2014). In our study we did not find a significant correlation between water table depth and yield (P > 0.30; Fig.…”

Section: Predictability Of Root Growth and Water Table Effectscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Maize and soybean root front velocity and maximum depth in Iowa, USA

Ordóñez

Castellano

Hatfield

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

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Quantitative measurements of root traits can improve our understanding of how crops respond to soil and weather conditions, but such data are rare. Our objective was to quantify maximum root depth and root front velocity (RFV) for maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) crops across a range of growing conditions in the Midwest USA. Two sets of root measurements were taken every 10-15 days: in the crop row (in-row) and between two crop rows (center-row) across six Iowa sites having different management practices such as planting dates and drainage systems, totaling 20 replicated experimental treatments. Temporal root data were best described by linear segmental functions. Maize RFV was 0.62 ± 0.2 cm d −1 until the 5th leaf stage when it increased to 3.12 ± 0.03 cm d −1 until maximum depth occurred at the 18th leaf stage (860°Cd after planting). Similar to maize, soybean RFV was 1.19 ± 0.4 cm d −1 until the 3rd node when it increased to 3.31 ± 0.5 cm d −1 until maximum root depth occurred at the 13th node (813.6°C d after planting). The maximum root depth was similar between crops (P > 0.05) and ranged from 120 to 157 cm across 18 experimental treatments, and 89-90 cm in two experimental treatments. Root depth did not exceed the average water table (two weeks prior to start grain filling) and there was a significant relationship between maximum root depth and water table depth (R 2 = 0.61; P = 0.001). Current models of root dynamics rely on temperature as the main control on root growth; our results provide strong support for this relationship (R 2 > 0.76; P < 0.001), but suggest that water table depth should also be considered, particularly in conditions such as the Midwest USA where excess water routinely limits crop production. These results can assist crop model calibration and improvements as well as agronomic assessments and plant breeding efforts in this region.

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Section: Predictability Of Root Growth and Water Table Effectscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Maize and soybean root front velocity and maximum depth in Iowa, USA

Ordóñez

Castellano

Hatfield

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

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“…We attribute this to the timing of the excessively shallow groundwater flooding, which was primarily early in the growing season. Though corn is more sensitive to wet conditions in early vegetative stages of development [ Ahmad and Kanwar , ; Zaidi et al ., ] and flooding stunted growth and killed plants in localized sections of the field leading to wet sensitivity (Figure ), the damage occurred early enough in the growing season that most plants were able to recover and generate full canopies by harvest time. The same regions then had increased water availability due to shallow WTD and less stress during the reproductive period, which is more critical from a yield perspective [ Robins and Domingo , ; NeSmith and Ritchie , ; Çakir , ; Hammad et al ., ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling the effects of shallow groundwater and soil texture as drivers of subfield‐scale yield variability

Zipper

Soylu

Booth

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

114

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Water table depth (WTD), soil texture, and growing season weather conditions all play critical roles in determining agricultural yield; however, the interactions among these three variables have never been explored in a systematic way. Using a combination of field observations and biophysical modeling, we answer two questions: (1) under what conditions can a shallow water table provide a groundwater yield subsidy and/or penalty to corn production?; and (2) how do soil texture and growing season weather conditions influence the relationship between WTD and corn yield?. Subfield-scale yield patterns during a dry (2012) and wet (2013) growing season are used to identify sensitivity to weather. Areas of the field that are negatively impacted by wet growing seasons have the shallowest observed WTD (<1 m), while areas with consistently strong yield have intermediate WTD (1-3 m). Parts of the field that perform consistently poorly are characterized by deep WTD (>3 m) and coarse soil textures. Modeling results find that beneficial impacts of shallow groundwater are more common than negative impacts under the conditions studied, and that the optimum WTD is shallower in coarser soils. While groundwater yield subsidies have a higher frequency and magnitude in coarse-grained soils, the optimum WTD responds to growing season weather at a relatively constant rate across soil types. We conclude that soil texture defines a baseline upon which WTD and weather interact to determine overall yield. Our work has implications for water resource management, climate/land use change impacts on agricultural production, and precision agriculture.

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“…Excessive precipitation can inhibit seed germination and emergence, and affect vegetative growth of corn. Flooding can reduce corn height, biomass production [5][6][7], yield [5,8,9], and photosynthetic efficiency by damaging leaf chloroplasts [10]. Excessive rainfall can reduce corn yield by up to 34% compared to the expected yield, which is similar to the 37% reduction observed from extreme drought stress [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Grain Yield Response of Corn (Zea mays L.) to Nitrogen Management Practices and Flooding

Dill

Harrison

Culman

et al. 2020

Plants

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Flooding can reduce corn growth and yield, but nitrogen (N) management practices may alter the degree to which plants are negatively impacted. Damage caused by flooded conditions may also affect the utilization of a post-flood N application to increase yield. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how pre-plant and pre-plant plus post-flood N applications contribute to corn growth and yield following flood conditions and to quantify the partial return of employing different N management strategies in the event of a flood. A field study was conducted in Ohio using four flood durations (FD; 0, 2, 4, or 6 days initiated at V4 to V5) and three N management practices (0 kg N ha−1, 134 kg N ha−1 applied pre-plant, and 134 pre-plant + 67 kg N ha−1 applied post-flooding). Application of 134 kg N ha−1 increased yield compared to 0 kg N ha−1 by 65%, 68%, 43% and 16% for 0 d, 2 d, 4 d, and 6 d FD, respectively; the application of 134 + 67 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield compared to 134 kg N ha−1 by 7%, 27%, 70%, or 55% for 0 d, 2 d, 4 d, or 6 d FD, respectively. Partial return analysis produced similar results to those for grain yield. Results suggest that in regions prone to early-season flooding, additional N applied post-flood can improve yield and partial return compared to the application of pre-plant alone at a lower rate or no N. Results indicate that total soil nitrate-N levels two weeks after flood initiation may serve as a good predictor of yield.

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Effect of Different Moisture Stress Levels on Corn Growth in Field Lysimeters

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Maize and soybean root front velocity and maximum depth in Iowa, USA

Maize and soybean root front velocity and maximum depth in Iowa, USA

Untangling the effects of shallow groundwater and soil texture as drivers of subfield‐scale yield variability

Grain Yield Response of Corn (Zea mays L.) to Nitrogen Management Practices and Flooding

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