Effect of different nano-carbon reinforcements on microstructure and properties of TiO2 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Mechanical Behavior of Bi-Layer and Dispersion Coatings Composed of Several Nanostructures on Ti Substrate

“…The elastic modulus of MWCNTs ranged between 270 and 2400 GPa [55], while in other work it was 467-507 GPa [63]. For TiO 2 reinforced with CNTs composites [64], hardness was about 250 GPa and elastic modulus about 190 GPa, and for fluorapatite-TiO 2 and fluorapatite-TiO 2 -CNT(Cu) coatings hardness was only 0.72 and 0.58 GPa, and Young's modulus 14.5 and 19.3 GPa, respectively [65]. As regards composites with carbon nanotubes and copper, hardness was determined as above 600 GPa for CNTs-1Cu composites in [66], hardness was of 1.1-1.4 GPa and Young's modulus 96-108 GPa in CNTs-Cu nanocomposites [67], and H of 85-96 MPa and E of 9-10 GPa in other work of the same team was reported [68], copper-based hybrid nanocomposites with 4 wt.…”

Sintering of nanocrystalline materials: Sintering parameters

“…Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an advanced technique that can develop nanostructured materials such as nanoporous materials, ultra-high temperature materials, biomaterials, functional grade materials, and nanomaterials [ 36 , 37 ]. SPS is known for its rapid consolidation process [ 26 , 38 ] through the utilization of a high heating rate [ 25 ] and a reduced processing time [ 7 , 25 , [39] , [40] , [41] ] and at a relatively lower temperature when compared to the conventional sintering route [ 39 ]. This aims to develop a material with full or near full density coupled with reduced grain growth [ 7 , 21 ], thereby giving room for retaining nanostructured features in bulk-dense, compact material [ 38 ].…”

“…SPS is known for its rapid consolidation process [ 26 , 38 ] through the utilization of a high heating rate [ 25 ] and a reduced processing time [ 7 , 25 , [39] , [40] , [41] ] and at a relatively lower temperature when compared to the conventional sintering route [ 39 ]. This aims to develop a material with full or near full density coupled with reduced grain growth [ 7 , 21 ], thereby giving room for retaining nanostructured features in bulk-dense, compact material [ 38 ]. The application of high current density pulses enhances the consolidation process of SPS, which promotes the reduction in the overall sintering time and temperature and consequent grain growth rate [ 35 ].…”

Effect of different functionalized carbon nanostructures as fillers on the physical properties of biocompatible poly(l-lactic acid) composites

“…Different dimensionalities of CNSs such as CNTs, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon nanohorns (CNHs) give rise to different properties and may induce different behaviors on composite materials when used as fillers [50][51][52]. A comparison of the physical properties of the resulting composites could help tailoring novel materials for specific applications and, when considering cell growth scaffolds, hints could be gained about physical properties' influence on cellular processes.…”