​Effect of Different Organic Sources on Growth and Seed Quality Parameters of Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Abstract

Background: Pulses play an important role in Indian agriculture for sustainable production, improvement in soil health and environmental safety. They are a cheaper source of protein to overcome malnutrition among vegetarians due to the presence of a high percentage of quality protein which is nearly three times more than that of cereals. They are more responsive to organic manures but indiscriminate and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has venomous effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties thereby affecting the sustainability of crop production, besides causing environmental pollution. Methods: The experiment consists of 12 treatments comprising organic amendments laid out in RCBD (completely randomized block design) with three replications. The black gram variety TAU-1 was sown with a spacing of 45 cm x 10 cm. The recommended dose of phosphorus for black gram was supplemented with different combinations of soil organic manures with equal proportions based on their P content. The required quantity of organic manures viz., Farmyard manure, vermicompost, Ghanajeevamrutha were uniformly incorporated into the soil as per the treatment three weeks before sowing. The organic manures to be applied were quantified equivalent to RDF (20 kg N+50 kg P2O5+0 kg K2O ha-1). Result: The studies showed that application of vermicompost+ghanajeevamrutha based on 100% RDP (Recommended dose of Phosphorus)+Rhizobium+PSB (Phosphorus Solubilizing bacteria) recorded significantly higher plant height (87.67 cm), number of branches per plant (6.33), relative chlorophyll content (48.11) and dry matter (2740.00 kg ha-1) with higher concomitant seed quality parameters like seed index (10.25 g) and protein content (22.7%) as compared to others. This study has demonstrated the importance of the usage of organics for improving the growth and seed quality parameters in black gram.

The response of bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria) and inorganic fertilizer application on yield and yield contributing attributes of black gram (Vigna mungo) under rain fed condition of Chitrakoot region

“…Effect of Rhizobium and PSB on Grain yield per hectare By the means of the data obtained in this experiment, it can be concluded that the grain yield per hectare was highest in treatment T12-100% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB that is 1741.33 kg. Similar results were obtained by (Kumar, 2011) [1] (Singh, 2011) [7] (Pankaj, 2005) [4] in their experiments too.…”

“…The data obtained for grain yield per plot indicated that the treatment T12-100% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB was the best performing treatment with a grain yield per plot of 2.62 Kg. the results were in conformity with (Kumar, 2011) [1] (Pankaj, 2005) [4] and (P, 2018). Effect of Rhizobium and PSB on Grain yield per hectare By the means of the data obtained in this experiment, it can be concluded that the grain yield per hectare was highest in treatment T12-100% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB that is 1741.33 kg.…”

“…From the data obtained here it is evident that the highest number of pods per plant was present in treatment T12-100% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB that is 25.40 which is significantly higher over the absolute control treatment with the least number of pods which was 8.80. Application of Rhizobium increased the dry weight of plants, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length, 1000 grain weight, straw yield and number of nodules per plant and their dry weight in black gram as compared to control reported by (Kumar, 2011) [1] .…”

“…The ability to form this symbiotic relationship reduces fertilizer costs for farmers and allows legumes to be used in crop rotation to replenish soil that has been depleted of nitrogen. The nitrogen fixing ability of legumes is enhanced by the availability of calcium in the soil and diminished by the presence of ample nitrogen (Kumar, 2011) [1] . The role of PSB is very important, as it helps in de-phosphorylation of phosphorus bearing organic compounds.…”