“…Due to the development of dental technology, lasers are commonly used in dental procedures and in the surface treatment of dental materials. Studies have shown that laser applications, such as CO 2 (carbon dioxide), Er:YAG (erbium, yttrium, aluminum, garnet), Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped, yttrium, aluminum, garnet), and Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) alter the material surface and create a larger area for bonding [9, 15–20]. In their study, Murray et al [16] demonstrated that laser etching the surface of a NiCr alloy produced better results than sandblasting with regard to resin bonding.…”