Effect of Different Preconditioning Protocols on Anterior Knee Laxity After ACL Reconstruction with Four Commonly Used Grafts

Abstract

On the basis of these results, current preconditioning methods appear to be ineffective in reducing progressive increases in anterior knee laxity from cyclic loading.

Long‐term outcome of an intra‐articular allograft technique for treatment of spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog

“…Tibial osteotomies illustrate this concept as they do not fully eliminate cranial drawer, yet achieve successful outcomes. In man, laxity after ACL reconstruction has been attributed to creep relaxation in the ligament, inappropriate tension during fixation, and graft elongation during ingrowth of native cells . We do not believe that healing of the graft after our recheck at 12 months would improve the passive laxity detected in 3 stifles, all with less satisfactory outcomes.…”

Double whip stitch for free graft femoral fixation in ACL reconstruction: experimental study on porcine model

“…4) ( Figure 1 ). Most recommended rehabilitation protocols after ACL reconstruction submit the neo-ligament to forces between 150 and 400N in the first 3 months, under the breaking limit of the construct tested in this study [ 10 ]. The breaking occurred at the suture wires as expected because this was the weakest material in our construct.…”

Static tensioning promotes hamstring tendons force relaxation more reliably than cycling tensioning

“…Andersen and Jorgensen determined that a significant decrease in knee motion occurred when the graft tension was N 33 N [24]. Boguszewski et al analyzed, in in vitro laboratory tests, the mechanical response of graft tissue for ACL reconstruction after different preconditioning protocols [25]. The authors subjected four commonly used grafts to a cyclic load of 89 N and showed no effect of the preconditioning compared to the no preconditioning condition on the anterior knee laxity.…”