Effect of different probiotic diets on microbial gut characterization and gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei cultivated in BFT system

Abstract

Microbial communities, mainly those with probiotic characteristics, positively affect the culture of diverse organisms, including shrimp. In this study, three diets containing different types of probiotics were evaluated on the composition and diversity of the microbial community in the water column and gut of Litopenaeus vannamei, as well as on the expression of genes related to the immune system and resistance of the organisms after being challenged with WSSV and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Results showed that probiotics affected the microbial community structure in water and shrimp. The expression of beta-glucan binding protein and prophenoloxidase increased in the treatments with probiotics compared to the control before and after the challenge. Overall the survival of shrimp was higher in all the treatments than in control. Results suggest that using probiotics in BFT systems could provide an extra benefit for these kinds of systems.

Biofloc Technology (BFT) in Aquaculture: What Goes Right, What Goes Wrong? A Scientific‐Based Snapshot

“…Thus, probiotics can be used directly in aquaculture and BFT systems to improve water quality by reducing the concentration of toxic nitrogenous compounds, reducing the level of organic matter and pH, reducing the level of pathogenic microorganisms, and modulating the microbial community [ 70 , 73 ]. Furthermore, the use of probiotics can improve the survival rate and growth performance of farmed animals by enhancing gut health, immune response, disease resistance, and feed utilization efficiency [ 30 , 42 ]. Several studies have suggested that dietary biofloc has the potential to improve the cellular immune response and antioxidant status of cultured shrimp due to its rich content in natural microorganisms and bioactive compounds [ 77 , 78 ].…”

“…This positive impact on FCR ratios associated with improved growth and survival [39] is crucial aspects for the system's feasibility, contributing to reduce one of the most significant expenses in aquaculture production [18], while boosting circularity and enhancing green credentials [30]. BFT has been implemented in several countries and regions worldwide, including Vietnam, Brazil, the United States, Iran, Belize, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Australia, Tahiti, South Korea, Italy, China, as well as Latin and Central American countries [40][41][42][43], although levels of adoption and success can vary drastically [44]. In terms of species selection, BFT is most suitable for those that (i) can tolerate a relatively higher levels of N-compounds suspended solids concentrations in the water; (ii) possess morphological adaptations to capture and/or filter the microbial particles; and (iii) support crowding conditions [45].…”