Effect of Different Ratios of Blue and Red LED Light on Brassicaceae Microgreens under a Controlled Environment

Brazaitytė, A.; Miliauskienė, Jurga; Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Viktorija; Sutulienė, Rūta; Laužikė, Kristina; Duchovskis, Pavelas; Małek, Stanisław

doi:10.3390/plants10040801

Cited by 73 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This study confirms that nitrate accumulation capacity is a trait strongly associated with the genetic background of plants [ 21 ], even among genera within the same family. Contrasting results were reported in the literature for nitrate accumulation in response to red light; according to our results, an enhancement induced by monochromatic red light was found in mustard ( Brassica juncea ‘Red Lace’) by Brazaityté et al [ 34 ]. Conversely, a reduced nitrate content under a red LED was reported in Perilla frutescens (L.) and radish microgreens.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Among the three LED lights tested, blue and, to a lesser extent, red light seemed to be more effective than white light in promoting fresh biomass accumulation and hypocotyl growth. Similar significant increases in hypocotyl and shoot dry and fresh weight under monocromatic blue and red light were reported in microgreens of mustard and kale [ 34 ]. The blue LED, compared with the combined red and blue LED, was reported to increase the hypocotyl length of buckwheat sprouts [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Effects of Different Light Spectra on Final Biomass Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Microgreens

Toscano

Cavallaro²,

Ferrante

et al. 2021

Plants

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To improve microgreen yield and nutritional quality, suitable light spectra can be used. Two species—amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and turnip greens (Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg)—were studied. The experiment was performed in a controlled LED environment growth chamber (day/night temperatures of 24 ± 2 °C, 16 h photoperiod, and 50/60% relative humidity). Three emission wavelengths of a light-emitting diode (LED) were adopted for microgreen lighting: (1) white LED (W); (2) blue LED (B), and (3) red LED (R); the photosynthetic photon flux densities were 200 ± 5 µmol for all light spectra. The response to light spectra was often species-specific, and the interaction effects were significant. Morphobiometric parameters were influenced by species, light, and their interaction; at harvest, in both species, the fresh weight was significantly greater under B. In amaranth, Chl a was maximized in B, whereas it did not change with light in turnip greens. Sugar content varied with the species but not with the light spectra. Nitrate content of shoots greatly varied with the species; in amaranth, more nitrates were measured in R, while no difference in turnip greens was registered for the light spectrum effect. Polyphenols were maximized under B in both species, while R depressed the polyphenol content in amaranth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Effects of Different Light Spectra on Final Biomass Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Microgreens

Toscano

Cavallaro²,

Ferrante

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…RB9 enhanced the hypocotyl length in 3 microgreens in this study. In a study with Brassica microgreens, the authors found shorter hypocotyls in mustard (Brassica juncea) and kale (Brassica oleracea), with decreasing red/blue ratios; and even in the same family, species dependency was evident in growth parameters such as leaf area and fresh mass [18]. Moreover, three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars (Mantecosa, Angel, and Romana) showed greater height under treatment with increased red light [19].…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Increased far-red on the light spectrum typically leads to a number of shade-avoidance responses, such as those mentioned above. Specifically, phytochromes, along with cryptochromes (i.e., blue-and UV-absorbing photoreceptors), have been found to regulate the transcription factors HYH and HY5, which induce photomorphogenesis, and COP1, which suppresses photomorphogenesis [18,21,22]. In the present study, RB2 had a higher red/far-red ratio compared to RB9 (red/blue ratio = 9), which possibly explains the lower hypocotyl length and the leaf and cotyledon area under the former light treatment [23].…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Spectrum Differentially Affects the Yield and Phytochemical Content of Microgreen Vegetables in a Plant Factory

Bantis

2021

Plants

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Light quality exerts considerable effects on crop development and phytochemical content. Moreover, crops grown as microgreens are ideal for plant factories with artificial lighting, since they contain greater amounts of bioactive compounds compared to fully-grown plants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of broad-spectra light with different red/blue ratios on the yield, morphology, and phytochemical content of seven microgreens. Mustard, radish, green basil, red amaranth, garlic chives, borage, and pea shoots were grown in a vertical farming system under three light sources emitting red/blue ratios of about 2, 5, and 9 units (RB2, RB5, and RB9, respectively). Mustard exhibited the most profound color responses. The yield was enhanced in three microgreens under RB9 and in garlic under RB2. Both the hypocotyl length and the leaf and cotyledon area were significantly enhanced by increasing the red light in three microgreens each. Total soluble solids (Brix) were reduced in 4 microgreens under RB2. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were reduced under RB2 in 6 and 5 microgreens, respectively. The chlorophylls were variably affected but total the carotenoid content was reduced in RB9 in three microgreens. Overall, light wavelength differentially affected the microgreens’ quality, while small interplays in spectral bands enhanced their phytochemical content.

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“…These include substrate material, which may range considerably in physicochemical parameters between natural fiber and synthetic substrates [ 3 , 12 ], and nutrient supplementation strategies [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, pre-harvest light conditions (quality, intensity and photoperiod) have been demonstrated effective tools in modulating growth and compositional attributes of microgreens, particularly secondary metabolites, rendering Light Emitting Diode (LED) light modules instrumental for the operation of microgreen plant factories [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Variation in the Mineral, Phytochemical and Yield Attributes of Brassicaceous Microgreens

Kyriacou

El‐Nakhel

Pannico

et al. 2021

Foods

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Microgreens constitute novel gastronomic ingredients that combine visual, kinesthetic and bioactive qualities. The definition of the optimal developmental stage for harvesting microgreens remains fluid. Their superior phytochemical content against mature leaves underpins the current hypothesis of significant changes in compositional profile during the brief interval of ontogeny from the appearance of the first (S1) to the second true leaf (S2). Microgreens of four brassicaceous genotypes (Komatsuna, Mibuna, Mizuna and Pak Choi) grown under controlled conditions and harvested at S1 and S2 were appraised for fresh and dry yield traits. They were further analyzed for macro- and micromineral content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), carotenoid content using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), volatile organic compounds using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS), anthocyanins and polyphenols using liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Orbitrap technology and for chlorophyll and ascorbate concentrations, well as antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometry. Analysis of compositional profiles revealed genotype as the principal source of variation for all constituents. The response of mineral and phytochemical composition and of antioxidant capacity to the growth stage was limited and largely genotype-dependent. It is, therefore, questionable whether delaying harvest from S1 to S2 would significantly improve the bioactive value of microgreens while the cost-benefit analysis for this decision must be genotype-specific. Finally, the lower-yielding genotypes (Mizuna and Pak Choi) registered higher relative increase in fresh yield between S1 and S2, compared to the faster-growing and higher-yielding genotypes. Although the optimal harvest stage for specific genotypes must be determined considering the increase in yield against reduction in crop turnover, harvesting at S2 seems advisable for the lower-yielding genotypes.

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Effect of Different Ratios of Blue and Red LED Light on Brassicaceae Microgreens under a Controlled Environment

Cited by 73 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of Different Light Spectra on Final Biomass Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Microgreens

Effects of Different Light Spectra on Final Biomass Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Microgreens

Light Spectrum Differentially Affects the Yield and Phytochemical Content of Microgreen Vegetables in a Plant Factory

Ontogenetic Variation in the Mineral, Phytochemical and Yield Attributes of Brassicaceous Microgreens

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