Effect of different salinities on the coniform chloride cells of mayfly larvae

Wichard, Wilfried; Tsui, Philip T. P.; Komnick, Hans

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(73)90051-6

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, profenofos is generally less toxic than endosulfan [2], and in February 1998, its mean concentration at the exposed sites was fivefold less than the mean endosulfan concentration (161 μg/L) in the solvent of the passive samplers. Conductivity values were also correlated with distance downstream, but the variable was excluded in the PCA since high population densities have been observed within all the recorded values and mayfly nymphs, particularly, are able to osmoregulate [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riverine endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River, Australia: Link to cotton field runoff and macroinvertebrate population densities

Leonard

Hyne²,

Lim

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Population densities of six dominant macroinvertebrate taxa (mayfly nymphs Jappa kutera, Atalophlebia sp., Tasmanocoenis sp., Baetis sp. and the caddisfly larvae Cheumatopsyche sp. and Ecnomus sp.) were negatively correlated to total endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River (New South Wales, Australia) in the 1995/96 and 1997/98 cotton growing seasons (NovemberMarch). Total endosulfan concentrations measured in solvent-filled polyethylene bags (passive samplers) at the exposed sites correlated with rainfall, suggesting that endosulfan entered the riverine environment in runoff from land. At the start of both surveys, in November 1995 and November 1997, there was no significant difference (p Ͻ 0.05) between the reference and exposed sites for both total endosulfan concentrations and mean population densities of the combined study taxa. This indicates distance downstream, which was negatively correlated with exposure, was not an important variable in explaining the significantly higher population densities in other months at the reference sites compared with those at sites subsequently exposed to increased (10-25-fold) total endosulfan concentrations. The multivariate analysis of the 1997/98 data with the principal response curves (PRC) method indicated that endosulfan explained a significant proportion (25%) of the variation in the total macroinvertebrate community. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated other covariables were involved, including river discharge. River discharge was positively correlated to increased densities of the mayfly taxa at the reference sites in the 1995/96 survey, but these correlations were reduced to near zero, except for Baetis sp., in the 1997/98 survey.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riverine endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River, Australia: Link to cotton field runoff and macroinvertebrate population densities

Leonard

Hyne²,

Lim

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…, 2008). Elevated conductivity can impair the osmoregulatory ability of aquatic macroinvertebrates (McCulloch, Goodfellow & Black, 1993), particularly Ephemeroptera (Wichard, Tsui & Komnick, 1973). While we attribute these differences in community structure and production to differences in conductivity among sites, we cannot rule out the possibility that the true driver of these observations is another urban stressor that is highly correlated with conductivity and catchment urbanisation such as changes in stream hydrology (Konrad & Booth, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroinvertebrate community structure, secondary production and trophic‐level dynamics in urban streams affected by non‐point‐source pollution

et al. 2013

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Summary 1. Despite non‐point‐source (NPS) pollution being perhaps the most ubiquitous stressor affecting urban streams, there is a lack of research assessing how urban NPS pollution affects stream ecosystems. We used a natural experimental design approach to assess how stream macroinvertebrate community structure, secondary production and trophic structure are influenced by urban NPS pollution in six streams. 2. Differences in macroinvertebrate community structure and secondary production among sites were highly correlated with stream‐water specific conductivity and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations. Macroinvertebrate richness, the Shannon diversity index and the Shannon evenness index were all negatively correlated with specific conductivity. These patterns were driven by differences in the richness and production of EPT and other intolerant taxa. Production of the five most productive taxa, tolerant taxa, non‐insect taxa and primary consumers were all positively correlated with stream‐water DIP. 3. Despite the positive correlation between primary consumer production and DIP, there was no correlation between macroinvertebrate predator production and either total or primary consumer macroinvertebrate production. This was observed because DIP was positively correlated with the production of non‐insect macroinvertebrate taxa assumed to be relatively unavailable for macroinvertebrate predator consumption. After removing production of these taxa, we observed a strong positive correlation between macroinvertebrate predator production and production of available prey. 4. Our results suggest that urban NPS pollution not only affects macroinvertebrate community structure, but also alters secondary production and trophic‐level dynamics. Differences in taxon production in our study indicate the potential for altered energy flow through stream food webs and potential effects on subsidies of aquatic insect prey to riparian food webs.

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“…A similar response occured in nymps of the mayfly Callibaetis coloradensis exposed to diluted (1: 100) media; nymphs molted frequently, had significantly higher densities of chloride cells than animals in control treatments after 15 days. This increase in chloride cell density apparently prevented acute ionoregulatory disruption (Wichard et al, 1973). Increases in chloride cell densities have recently been demonstrated in fish following chronic exposures at low pH (Leino & McCormick, 1984).…”

Section: Comparison Of 96 and 192 Hour Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of short-term laboratory pH depressions on molting, mortality and major ion concentrations in the mayflies Stenonema femoratum and Leptophlebia cupida

et al. 1989

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Field surveys of the distribution of mayfly nymphs suggest that Stenonema femoratum are more acid-sensitive than Leptophlebia cupida. To assess whether this apparent difference in sensitivity of nymphs is reflected in differences in the degree of whole-body loss of [Na], [Cl], [Ca] or [K] under laboratory conditions, we exposed nymphs of both species to low pH for 96-192 h in soft water ([Ca] = 0.1 mM). Although mortality and loss of whole-body [Na] and [Cl] occurred in both species at pH 3.5, unexpectedly they were considerably greater in L. cupida than in S. femoratum. Ion loss was not size related within the range of nymphal weights used (2-14 mg dry wt) for S. femoratum. Exposure to the environmentally more common pH 4.5 had no effect on whole-body [Na] and [Cl] or on mortality in either species. However, in L. cupida, molting by nymphs increased at both pH 3.5 and 4.5. A decrease in whole-body [Ca] occurred, and the loss of whole-body [Na] and [Ca] at pH 3.5 appeared to cease following the period of molting. In S. femoratum no molting or Ca loss occurred and whole-body [Na] and [Cl] decreased between 96 and 192 h exposures.

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Effect of different salinities on the coniform chloride cells of mayfly larvae

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Riverine endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River, Australia: Link to cotton field runoff and macroinvertebrate population densities

Riverine endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River, Australia: Link to cotton field runoff and macroinvertebrate population densities

Macroinvertebrate community structure, secondary production and trophic‐level dynamics in urban streams affected by non‐point‐source pollution

The effects of short-term laboratory pH depressions on molting, mortality and major ion concentrations in the mayflies Stenonema femoratum and Leptophlebia cupida

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