Effect of different sterilization processing methods on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone allografts

Vastel, L.; Meunier, Alain; Siney, H.; Sedel, L.; Courpied, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.067

Cited by 72 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At the high dose end (>10 kGy), gamma irradiation is commonly used to terminally sterilize allograft tissues and bones [2][3][4][5], and has been proven to be very potent sterilization agent with the ability to effectively penetrate tissue. However, gamma irradiation is also known to adversely affect the mechanical and biological properties of tissue in a dose-dependent manner by degrading the collagen [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Specifically, gamma rays split polypeptide chains; in wet specimens, irradiation causes release of free radicals via radiolysis of water molecules that induces cross-linking reactions in collagen molecules [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

Barth

Launey

MacDowell

et al. 2010

Bone

183

109

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In situ mechanical testing coupled with imaging using high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction or tomography imaging is gaining in popularity as a technique to investigate micrometer and even sub-micrometer deformation and fracture mechanisms in mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth. However, the role of the irradiation in affecting the nature and properties of the tissue is not always taken into account. Accordingly, we examine here the effect of x-ray synchrotron-source irradiation on the mechanistic aspects of deformation and fracture in human cortical bone. Specifically, the strength, ductility and fracture resistance (both work-of-fracture and resistancecurve fracture toughness) of human femoral bone in the transverse (breaking) orientation were evaluated following exposures to 0.05, 70, 210 and 630 kGy irradiation. Our results show that the radiation typically used in tomography imaging can have a major and deleterious impact on the strength, post-yield behavior and fracture toughness of cortical bone, with the severity of the effect progressively increasing with higher doses of radiation. Plasticity was essentially suppressed after as little as 70 kGy of radiation; the fracture toughness was decreased by a factor of five after 210 kGy of radiation. Mechanistically, the irradiation was found to alter the salient toughening mechanisms, manifest by the progressive elimination of the bone's capacity for plastic deformation which restricts the intrinsic toughening from the formation "plastic zones" around crack-like defects. Deep-ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy indicated that this behavior could be related to degradation in the collagen integrity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

Barth

Launey

MacDowell

et al. 2010

Bone

183

109

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“…Gamma radiation sterilization (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) is commonly used to reduce the risk of disease transmission through bone allograft [15]. In cortical bone, gamma radiation at typical sterilization doses causes reductions in ultimate strength [20], bending strength [13], work to fracture [2,20], fatigue life [1], and resistance to fatigue crack growth [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cortical bone, gamma radiation at typical sterilization doses causes reductions in ultimate strength [20], bending strength [13], work to fracture [2,20], fatigue life [1], and resistance to fatigue crack growth [26]. High doses of gamma irradiation (more than 51 kGy) impair cancellous bone strength and elastic modulus (Young's modulus) [3], whereas lower doses have not been associated with impaired elastic modulus or ultimate strength [3,5,11,12,14,19,31]. Although the density of cancellous bone is the single most important factor influencing cancellous bone strength and stiffness [24], prior studies of the effects of irradiation on cancellous bone have either not accounted for variation in density of the cancellous bone specimens [5,12,19,31] or have studied a relatively small range in cancellous bone density [3,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High doses of gamma irradiation (more than 51 kGy) impair cancellous bone strength and elastic modulus (Young's modulus) [3], whereas lower doses have not been associated with impaired elastic modulus or ultimate strength [3,5,11,12,14,19,31]. Although the density of cancellous bone is the single most important factor influencing cancellous bone strength and stiffness [24], prior studies of the effects of irradiation on cancellous bone have either not accounted for variation in density of the cancellous bone specimens [5,12,19,31] or have studied a relatively small range in cancellous bone density [3,14]. Because strength and stiffness of cancellous bone are related to the density raised to a power near 2.0 [24], a 10% difference in density among specimens can generate a 20% difference in strength or stiffness, suggesting small differences in density within a group increase the variability in studies, making it difficult to observe an effect of irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Irradiation Does Not Modify Mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone Under Compression

Hernandez

Ramsey

Dux

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Gamma radiation sterilization can make cortical bone allograft more brittle, but whether it influences mechanical properties and propensity to form microscopic cracks in structurally intact cancellous bone allograft is unknown. Questions/purposes We therefore determined the effects of gamma radiation sterilization on structurally intact cancellous bone mechanical properties and damage formation in both low-and high-density femoral cancellous bone (volume fraction 9%-44%). Methods We studied 26 cancellous bone cores from the proximal and distal femurs of 10 human female cadavers (49-82 years of age) submitted to a single compressive load beyond yield. Mechanical properties and the formation of microscopic cracks and other tissue damage (identified through fluorochrome staining) were compared between irradiated and control specimens. Results We observed no alterations in mechanical properties with gamma radiation sterilization after taking into account variation in specimen porosity. No differences in microscopic tissue damage were observed between the groups. Conclusions Although gamma radiation sterilization influences the mechanical properties and failure processes in cortical bone, it does not appear to influence the performance of cancellous bone under uniaxial loading. Clinical Relevance Our observations support the use of radiation sterilization on structurally intact cancellous bone allograft.

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“…However, toxic compounds released after gamma irradiation of bone marrow in trabecular bone may cause adverse effects [20]. Furthermore, irradiation decreases the strength of cortical and trabecular bone [17,25]. Fragmentation of irradiated grafts has been reported after five years of follow-up in patients treated for cancer [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural allograft and cemented long-stem prosthesis for complex revision hip arthroplasty: use of a trochanteric claw plate improves final hip function

Vastel

Lemoine

Kerboull

et al. 2007

International Orthopaedics (SICO

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Extensive bone loss raises formidable challenges in total hip revision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of reconstruction using a cemented long-stem and massive structural allograft implanted in a filleted proximal femur, with and without the use of a trochanteric claw plate. Between 1988 and 2001, 44 revisions were performed in 42 patients. After a transtrochanteric approach, the femur was cut longitudinally. A long, cemented Charnley-type prosthesis was used, and flaps of the residual femur were folded around the allograft. The greater trochanter was reinserted with wires in all revisions, and with both wires and a claw plate in 20 revisions. Mean follow-up was 7.15 years (range: 3-16); seven patients, died and four were lost to follow-up. The follow-up exceeded five years in 34 patients. The major complication was nonunion of the greater trochanter, which occurred in 25 cases. Six dislocations, one recurrence of infection, two mechanical loosening, and two fractures below the stem were also recorded.

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Effect of different sterilization processing methods on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone allografts

Cited by 72 publications

References 22 publications

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

Irradiation Does Not Modify Mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone Under Compression

Structural allograft and cemented long-stem prosthesis for complex revision hip arthroplasty: use of a trochanteric claw plate improves final hip function

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