Effect of different surface treatments on polypropylene composites reinforced with yerba mate fibers: Physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties

Abstract

This study presents the preparation of post‐consumer polypropylene (r‐PP) composites filled with 30 wt% yerba mate (YM) stick particles. To improve the fiber–matrix adhesion, three surface treatments were performed: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and use of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and maleic anhydride graft polypropylene copolymer (PP‐g‐MA) as coupling agents. Mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, and impact resistance were determined, and chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), physical (water absorption), and morphological analyses were performed. The main findings show that the treatments were efficient in improving the mechanical properties of the composites, with emphasis on the r‐PP/YM30/APTS and r‐PP/YM30/PP‐g‐MA composites, which proved to be superior in tensile, flexion and impact strength and absorption of water compared to the untreated composite. The morphological analysis showed a better interaction between the fiber and the polymeric matrix for the composites with YM/APTS and YM/PP‐g‐MA, which corroborates the results of tensile and flexural strength, as well as with the spectra of FTIR in which the chemical modification of the fibers is observed. However, the results show that these treatments are promising in obtaining composites with recycled matrix with better properties.

Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Licorice Root, Willow, Holm Oak, and Palm Leaf Waste Incorporated into Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP)

“…It can be mentioned that in many situations, the presence of fillers provides positive or negative influence depending on the interfacial adhesion [ 65 ]. In the present study, no remarkable differences among composite configurations were observed, but a general trend involving an increase in impact strength with increasing filler content and the presence of coupling agent can be highlighted [ 55 , 59 , 66 , 67 ]. The fracture surface showed a brittle character ( Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 ), but the better filler/matrix adhesion enhanced the work of fracture of the interphase that resisted crack propagation, thus supporting the effectiveness of maleated PP.…”

Modeling of the creep behavior of epoxy/yerba-mate residue composites

“…3,34 For the cryogenic fracture of the composites (Figures 1(b)-(e)), e/YM 5% presents a similar fracture to the neat epoxy (e/YM 0%), demonstrating that the YM does not influence the composite fracture patterns at lower contents, as also can be found for other fillers. [35][36][37] However, it is noteworthy to mention that a rougher and a high number of holes are formed when the composite is cryogenically fractured with a greater reinforcement content (e/YM 10% and 20%), due to the pull-out mechanism. 38 This result might be related to the non-chemical interaction between epoxy resin and YM particles, observed in a previous work 39 where it was shown in FTIR spectra that the incorporation of YM onto epoxy did not altered the spectrum.…”

“…Arrieta et al 33 incorporated nanoparticles extracted from post-consumed YM in PLA, Córdoba et al 34 reinforced PVA with starch-based potato and YM residues. Catto et al 35 reinforced recycled polypropylene with nanocellulose extracted from YM’s agro industrial waste, Borsoi et al 36 reinforced recycled polypropylene with surface modified YM particles, among others. The potential use of this kind of composite include structural applications, coatings, films, binder for friction materials, fiber-reinforced plastics, adhesives, electronics, among others.…”

Influência Do Grau De Insaturação De Óleos Vegetais De Espécies Amazônicos Na Obtenção De Biopolímeros

“…Adicionalmente, os óleos vegetais representam uma importante fonte de matéria-prima renovável na criação de biopolímeros e materiais para a indústria de polímeros, tendo seu desenvolvimento impulsionado pelo aumento do preço do petróleo (KREPS, 2020), pelos impactos ambientais dos plásticos convencionais (MACLEOD et al, 2021;LAVERS;BOND;ROLSKY, 2022;LAW;NARAYAN, 2022), e pela crescente demanda da sociedade por materiais sustentáveis (DINTCHEVA et al,2020;GAUTAM et al, 2022). YANG et al, (2022), por exemplo, utilizou ácido cítrico e óleo de soja epoxidado para melhorar as propriedades de bioplásticos a base de amido, tornando o material um candidato viável para aplicação como embalagens. Ainda, ABDEL-HAMEED et al, (2022) produziu um biolubrificante a base de óleo de jojoba epoxidado, buscando contornar os efeitos nocivos dos lubrificantes à base de petróleo na saúde humana.…”

“…YANG et al, (2022), por exemplo, utilizou ácido cítrico e óleo de soja epoxidado para melhorar as propriedades de bioplásticos a base de amido, tornando o material um candidato viável para aplicação como embalagens. Ainda, ABDEL-HAMEED et al, (2022) produziu um biolubrificante a base de óleo de jojoba epoxidado, buscando contornar os efeitos nocivos dos lubrificantes à base de petróleo na saúde humana. Logo, há um contínuo interesse da comunidade acadêmica no uso das oleaginosas para a geração de novos produtos biotecnológicos.…”