Effect of Different Vitamin D Levels on Cognitive Function in Aged Mice After Sevoflurane Anesthesia

Abstract

Although the biological relationship between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and cognitive function has been recognized by many scholars, the theoretical mechanisms involved are still not well-understood. In this study, we demonstrated the role of VD in alleviating the cognitive dysfunction in aged mice caused by sevoflurane anesthesia. Forty female C57BL/6 mice aged 12 months were selected for the experiment. VD (-) and VD (+) mouse models and sevoflurane anesthesia models were established. Mice were randomly divided into normal elderly group (NC group), normal aged mice + sevoflurane anesthesia treatment group (NS group), aged VD (-) mice + sevoflurane anesthesia treatment group [VD (-) group], and aged VD (+) + sevoflurane anesthesia treatment group [VD (+) group]. To compare the emergence time after sevoflurane anesthesia in aged mice with different levels of VD and to test the cognitive function of four groups through the water maze. Inflammatory factor expression and cholinergic activity in hippocampus tissue of all mice were measured at the end of behavioral tests. These data show that, low levels of VD aggravated the delayed emergence and cognitive dysfunction in aged mice caused by sevoflurane anesthesia, while higher levels of VD mitigated this impairment by enhancing cholinergic activity and reducing inflammatory factor expression in the hippocampus.

Vitamin D3 Supplementation Attenuates Surgery-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mice

“…In this study, a tibial fracture surgery-based POCD model was employed, and the MWM test showed that pretreatment with VD3 dramatically decreased postoperative cognitive decline in aged mice. In models of LPS, hepatectomy, and sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction, protective benefits of VD3 supplementation on learning and memory were also noted [ 6 – 8 ].…”

“…A recent prospective cohort study found that vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of neurocognitive disorders in elderly individuals during the perioperative period, presumably because low vitamin D levels cannot effectively prevent the postoperative oxidative stress increase [5]. In addition, the supplementation of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 D3, calcitriol, VD3) provided protective effects on memory and learning in animal models of LPS, hepatectomy, and sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction [6][7][8]. Therefore, vitamin D may be developed as a potential therapy for POCD; however, the probable mechanism is still unknown.…”

Impact of air pollution on postoperative outcomes following organ transplantation: Evidence from clinical investigations

“…Additionally, Vitamin D is involved in the physiological function of the heart, blood vessel, brain, muscle, colon, breast, prostate, skin and immune cell. [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] The metabolism of vitamin D mainly occurs in the liver and kidney, although other tissues also contain [66][67][68]71,74,75 Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide concerning health problem. 67,76 VDD or vitamin D insufficiency is disturbance of 1,25(OH) 2 D by measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).…”

“…89 Perioperatively, the evidence from in vivo studies have shown that low level of 25(OH)D was associated with delay wound healing, longer emergence time and increased risk of postoperative cognitive impairment. 69,90,91 Clinically, preoperative vitamin D status in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery was associated with infectious complication and respiratory complication related to general anesthesia. 92,93 However, 25(OH)D level was not associated with cardiovascular events and acute kidney injury.…”

“…Vitamin D is a secosteroid (pro)‐hormone which has been considered as an essential regulator of bone metabolism and calcium, phosphorus homeostasis through negative feedback with parathyroid hormone. Additionally, Vitamin D is involved in the physiological function of the heart, blood vessel, brain, muscle, colon, breast, prostate, skin and immune cell 66–73 . The metabolism of vitamin D mainly occurs in the liver and kidney, although other tissues also contain hydroxyl enzymes.…”