Effect of Direct Fluorination on the Transport Properties and Swelling of Polymeric Materials: A Review

Abstract

Fluorine-containing polymers occupy a peculiar niche among conventional polymers due to the unique combination of physicochemical properties. Direct surface fluorination of the polymeric materials is one of the approaches for the introduction of fluorine into the chemical structure that allows one to implement advantages of fluorinated polymers in a thin layer. Current review considers the influence of the surface interaction of the polymeric materials and membranes with elemental fluorine on gas, vapor and liquid transport as well as swelling and related phenomena. The increase in direct fluorination duration and concentration of fluorine in the fluorination mixture is shown to result mostly in a reduction of all penetrants permeability to a different extent, whereas selectivity of the selected gas pairs (He-H2, H2-CH4, He-CH4, CO2-CH4, O2-N2, etc.) increases. Separation parameters for the treated polymeric films approach Robeson’s upper bounds or overcome them. The most promising results were obtained for highly permeable polymer, polytrimethylsilylpropyne (PTMSP). The surface fluorination of rubbers in printing equipment leads to an improved chemical resistance of the materials towards organic solvents, moisturizing solutions and reduce diffusion of plasticizers, photosensitizers and other components of the polymeric blends. The direct fluorination technique can be also considered one of the approaches of fabrication of fuel cell membranes from non-fluorinated polymeric precursors that improves their methanol permeability, proton conductivity and oxidative stability.

Possibility to Alter Dynamics of Luminescence from Surface of Polymer Membrane with Ultrasonic Waves

“…In addition, it is necessary to take into account the formation of through channels with a diameter of 2-3 nm in the bulk of the polymer matrix (see [1] for more details). Negatively charged areas at the inner surface of these channels provide a possibility for cations to transit through the bulk of the membrane [10][11][12][13]. Furthermore, the nanometer-sized structure of these channels allows for the separation of Н + and ОН − ions from both sides of the membrane, which is used in low-temperature hydrogen power plants [14].…”

Improved Insulating Properties of Polymer Dielectric by Constructing Interfacial Composite Coatings

“…Considering that most space charge accumulation takes place at the interface between electrodes and polymers, it is therefore more effective to alleviate space charge accumulation by manipulating the trap distribution at the interface rather than doping nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. Currently, the prevailing techniques employed for interface tailoring encompass primarily surface fluorination treatment [ 28 , 29 ], magnetron sputtering [ 30 , 31 ], plasma surface modification [ 32 , 33 ], and chemical vapor deposition [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], among others. However, it is noteworthy that these methods typically necessitate the utilization of intricate experimental apparatus.…”

Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes with Short and Long Side Chains and Their Use in Sensors for the Determination of Markers of Viral Diseases in Saliva

“…Technological processes based on the use of membrane technologies fully meet the requirements of sustainable development and green chemistry, which makes them more in demand in the modern world. Membrane technologies are widely used in water treatment, water purification, gas separation, treatment of industrial effluents and products, food and pharmaceutical industries, and alternative applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. One of the most important classes of membrane materials is polymer membranes, because, in addition to their transport properties and selectivity, their important functional characteristics are strength, elasticity, and stability [ 10 ].…”