“…This effect has been seen in multicellular organisms (39-41, 43, 45) and microorganisms (15)(16)(17). Alternatively, agrochemicals may cause density-mediated, rather than trait-mediated, indirect effects via direct toxicity to a target species' food resources, parasites, competitors, or predators (18,21,22,36,41,(44)(45)(46)51). FIBs, pathogens, and other organisms ranging from bacterivorous protozoa to algae to aquatic animals are exposed to agrochemicals in environmental waters that receive agricultural runoff, but we know very little about the effect of the chemicals on the fate of microorganisms in such systems.…”