Effect of doping in the physico-chemical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

Effect of frequency on the classical and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of substituted titanate Ba0.7Er0.16Ca0.05Ti0.91Sn0.09O3

“…This temperature corresponds to the Curie temperature T c at the transition from the ferroelectric to the paraelectric state. Similar behavior was observed by Rached et al 69 and Hanani et al . 70 A significant increase is observed only at frequencies above 7 MHz.…”

Sonoelectrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole in simulated and actual wastewater on a piezo-polarizable FTO/BaZrxTi(1−x)O3 electrode: reaction kinetics, mechanism and reaction pathway studies

“…Furthermore, growth of the grain size and the presence of tiny pores observed on the particles of the BaZr x Ti (1− x ) O 3 has been established to be advantageous for the piezoelectric response of piezoelectric materials. 58 The morphologies of the piezoelectric materials were further probed by HRTEM ( Fig. 1g–i ).…”

Fabrication of La3+ doped Ba1−xLaxTiO3 ceramics with improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties using a composite-hydroxide-mediated method

“…However, the minimum resistance is observed for La 3+ doping content of x = 0.005, which is attributed to a change in the doping mechanism, i.e., a transformation from electronic compensation to ionic (cation vacancies) compensation. Thus, with the further increase in La 3+ doping content, cation vacancies may be produced for the defect reactions as presented in eqn (5), which results in the occurrence of electronic holes. This leads to a decrease in the electronic charger carrier's concentration and an increase in resistance for x > 0.005.…”

“…Therefore, to resolve this shortcoming, doping with a suitable element at Ba-, Ti-, or both sites has been frequently used to fabricate BaTiO 3based materials for more viable multilayer ceramic capacitors. 5,6 Trivalent rare-earth (RE 3+ ) ions are typically utilized to tune the electrical characteristics of ferroelectric perovskite BaTiO 3 ceramics because of their intermediate size and charge relative to Ba 2+ and Ti 4+ ions. 7 In general, depending on ionic size, small-sized RE 3+ ions (like Yb 3+ ) dope only on the Ti-site with charge compensation by oxygen vacancies, intermediate-sized RE 3+ ions (such as Gd 3+ , Er 3+ ) may dope equally on each Baand Ti-sites, and large-sized RE 3+ ions (such as La 3+ , Pr 3+ ) dope exclusively on the Ba-site.…”

“…Therefore, to resolve this shortcoming, doping with a suitable element at Ba-, Ti-, or both sites has been frequently used to fabricate BaTiO 3 -based materials for more viable multilayer ceramic capacitors. 5,6…”