Effect of Doping with Nickel Ions on the Electrical Properties of Poly(aniline-co-o-anthranilic acid) and Doped Copolymer as Precursor of NiO Nanoparticles

Abstract

Poly(aniline-co-o-anthranilic acid) (PANAA) and its nickel composite (PANAA-Ni) are successfully prepared based on oxidative chemical polymerization via two comparative in situ and ex situ polymerization methods. PANAA copolymer contains aniline, and o-anthranilic acid moieties, were doped with different concentrations of nickel ions. The ratios of aniline, o-anthranilic acid, and nickel chloride were (1:1:0.5) and (1:1:1), respectively. The effect of nickel moiety on the properties of polyconjugated polymers, and their spectral characteristics (UVVis absorption spectra, FTIR, thermal stability) were recorded. TGA analysis confirmed that the poly(aniline-coo-anthranilic acid)/nickel (PANAA-Ni) composites, which were prepared by in situ or ex situ polymerization method, are more thermally stable than the pure PANAA copolymer. The XRD revealed that the pure and PANAA-Ni (prepared by ex situ polymerization method) is completely amorphous structure, while the PANAA-Ni composite (prepared by in situ polymerization method) is a mixture of crystalline and amorphous phases. The temperature dependence of dielectric constants (e r and e i ) as well as AC conductivity (r ac ) were investigated in the temperature range of 300-383 K and test frequency range of 0.1-100 kHz. All the tested samples showed semiconductor behavior. The values of thermal activation energies DE1 and DE2 for PANAA copolymer are calculated, and found to be in the range of 0.03-0.1 eV and 0.58-1.88 eV, respectively. We calculated DE1 and DE2 for PANAA-Ni composite, and we found their values in the range of 0.14-0.27 eV and 0.41-0.58 eV, respectively. Moreover, Nanocrystalline nickel oxide NiO powder was prepared by thermal decomposition route of (PANAA-Ni) composites, which was prepared by in situ polymerization method. The size of the obtained nickel oxide nanoparticle was determined by transmission electron microscope .

Dielectric Permittivity, AC Electrical Conductivity and Conduction Mechanism of High Crosslinked-Vinyl Polymers and Their Pd(OAc)2 Composites

“…This result can be explained due to the increase in charge carriers, since the loading of metal ions leads to an increase of free charge carriers, which, accordingly, leads to an increase of electrical conductivity. This result is in good agreement with the results of other polymers doped with different metal ions [18,19,24,33,38,39]. Figure 5 illustrates the effect of loading poly(EDMA) and poly(EDMA-co-MMA) with Pd(OAc) 2 on the electrical conductivities across the entire test frequency range at room temperature (Figure 5A,C) and at 340 K (Figure 5B,D).…”

“…Furthermore, the loading of both polymers by Pd(OAc) 2 leads to an increase in the value of ε r (Figure 2B,D) and ε i (Figure 3B,D). This behavior of the dielectric permittivity with the frequency and temperature for both polymers and their Pd(OAc) 2 composites has been reported for other polymers and organic composites [24,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Polymerization of aniline derivatives by K2 Cr2 O7 and production of Cr2 O3 nanoparticles

“…The peak at 3320 cm ‐1 indicates N‐H stretching, the spectra of homopolymers or copolymer have two major absorption bands at 1583 cm ‐1 and 1511 cm ‐1 . These bands can be attributed to the C = C vibrations of quinoid and benzenoid units respectively …”

Poly(pyrrole-co-o-toluidine) wrapped CoFe2O4/R(GO–OXSWCNTs) ternary composite material for Ga3+ sensing ability

“…Materials with high conductivity as well as high magnetic permeability are required for various applications such as electronics, biosensors, electronic nonlinear optics, magnetic shielding, microwave absorbers and adsorption materials. [41][42][43][44] Spinel ferrites are an important group of magnetic materials with a general formula of MFe 2 O 4 (M ¼ a divalent cation). Their properties, such as electrical, electronic, optical, catalytic and magnetic properties [45][46][47][48][49] have gained attention in fundamental studies and technological applications.…”