Abstract:This study aims to compare the growth attributes and water relationship of two-forage legume plants: a crop plant, Medicago sativa (L.) cv. Gabès, and a wild plant, Astragalus gombiformis (Pom.), under drought-stress conditions. Water deficit stress was imposed at 40% and 70% of field capacity (FC) from 60 to 90 days after sowing, while the control pots were maintained at 100% FC throughout the period of entire growth. The results showed that the high potentialities of growth in both species were recorded for control plants. Water deficit reduced growth (whole plant biomass, leaf number, stem elongation rate and shoot relative growth rate) and decreased shoot/root ratio. After 30 days of water deficit stress, the leaf relative water content (RWC) and the water potential (Ψ w ) evolved in such a way and decreased significantly as water stress was intensified. The lowest level of transpiration rate of the most stressed plants may be explained by the lowering of leaf RWC. Under such conditions, the water use efficiency of wild plants was more pronounced than alfalfa plants. It can be concluded that A. gombiformis manifested the best morpho-physiological traits of adaptation to moisture stress when compared to M. sativa. This wild plant appears to be more tolerance to water stress than that cultivated, therefore a possibility of exploitation of this species.