Effect of drying temperature on structure, phase transformation of sol–gel-derived lead zirconate titanate powders

Template-based electrophoretic deposition of perovskite PZT nanotubes

“…The physical appearance of the pyrolyzed gels also differed; in that, the former sample looked quite dark in comparison with the latter which was rather transparent. This, in fact, indicated the presence of carbonaceous species which could provide a reducing atmosphere locally and lead to the Pb-partitioning, as reported elsewhere [25][26][27].…”

“…In addition to the lead oxide, the presence of the perovskite PZT, as well as smaller amounts of the perovskite PT and PZ phases were identified using the JCPDS standard cards; 33-784, 2-804 and 3-655, respectively. The strong lead oxide peak after firing the sample at 700 • C is indicative of the presence of some un-reacted lead oxide which could have deleterious effects on the structure and properties of the final material [25][26][27]. Fig.…”

Preparation and characterization of sol–gel derived sodium–potassium bismuth titanate powders and thick films deposited by screen printing

“…Fig. 1 shows the FT-IR spectra of the NKBT precursors heat treated at 100 and 160 • C for 2 h. It can be seen that the peak located at around 3416.71 cm −1 is related to the stretching vibration of -OH group [21]. The peaks in the range of 1100-1000 cm −1 is corresponding to the C-O and C-O-C vibration.…”

Fabrication and post heat treatment of 0.5Pb (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3) O 3 -0.5Pb(Zr 0.48 Ti 0.52 )O 3 coatings by supersonic plasma spray

“…Taking the existence of amorphous phase into the consideration, PMN might prior nucleation during the rapid cooling. Activation energies (Ea) of forming perovskite in PZT and PMN from amorphous state are 424 kJ/mol [41][42][43] and 337.4 kJ/mol [25] respectively. As is known, crystallization from well dispersed solgel is much lower than the activation energy of forming perovskite phase from amorhous.…”