Effect of dynamic three‐dimensional culture on osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stem cells entrapped in alginate microbeads

Abstract

For the first time human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from periodontal ligaments encapsulated in alginate microbeads were cultured in a bioreactor system. This combination could represent a promising strategy to create a cell-based smart system with enhanced osteogenic potential useful for many different dental applications.

Cell encapsulation: technical and clinical advances

“…Finally, immobilizing cells within polymeric matrices represents an advantageous 3D culture system for mass production in bioreactors [87,88] by maintaining the pluripotency of ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells [89,90]. 3D spherical culture systems allow enrichment of cancer stem-like cells for cancer research and therapy development [91], and allow the production of a readily scalable liver cell biomass for the development of a bioartificial livers [92].…”

Mesenchymal stem cells and alginate microcarriers for craniofacial bone tissue engineering: A review

“…For example, dental‐derived stem cells PDLSCs and HGMSCs encapsulated in RGD‐ (arginine–glycine–aspartic acid tripeptide) coupled alginate microsystems greatly enhanced the proliferation up to 4 weeks of the culture period with a subsequent increase in the expression of osteogenic markers, like runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX‐2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin. The ability to form mineral deposits were comparable with HBMSCs in these cells . In another study, human adipose stem cells embedded in collagen‐alginate microcarriers injected subcutaneously formed functional adipose tissue .…”

“…Most importantly, the spherical structure allows a larger surface area with high diffusibility and mobility of cells or drugs that need to be delivered. It has been shown that there was 50% enhancement in ectopic bone formation when cells delivered in microcarriers than those cultured in monolayers or 2‐D cultures …”

Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes in Composite Microfibers As Tool for Cartilage Repair

“…With respect to the concentrations of biomaterial used for the preparation of microfibers (sodium alginate, gelatin, and UBM), the selected amounts were chosen on the basis of a large number of previously published observations (Penolazzi et al, 2010, 2012; Mazzitelli et al, 2013; Angelozzi et al, 2015; Vecchiatini et al, 2015). For instance, alginate is typically used in the concentration range comprised between 0.5 and 2.5% (w/v) depending on the stiffness required by the specific application of the gel.…”