Effect of early visual pattern deprivation on development and laminar distribution of cholinergic markers in rat visual cortex

Walch, Christiane; Schliebs, Reinhard; Bigl, Volker

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9138-7_29

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Schütz et al suggested that independent transcription of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase genes provides a mechanism for regulating expression of these two proteins in different types of cholinergic neurons centrally (Schütz et al, 2001). Choline acetyltransferase activity has been reported in fetal development and it plays a role in the shaping of visual cortical plasticity (Court et al, 1995; Walch et al, 1989). ChAT mRNA expression was detected in spinal cord, septal area, striatum, cortex, and hippocampus in neonatal and adult rat CNS (Cavicchioli et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of prenatal nicotine on mRNA of central cholinergic markers and hematological parameters in rat fetuses

Mao

Yuan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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A number of studies have demonstrated the influence of nicotine on fetal development. This study determined the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and high-affinity choline transporter (CHT1) in the forebrain and hindbrain following chronic prenatal nicotine exposure in the rat fetus (maternal rats were subcutaneously injected with nicotine at different gestation periods). We also measured the effect of chronic nicotine exposure on fetal blood pO 2 , pCO 2 , pH, Na + and K + concentrations, as well as lactic acid levels. Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in fetal pO 2 coupled with a significant increase in pCO 2 and lactic acid as well as restricted fetal growth. Additionally, maternal nicotine administration also reduced ChAT, VAChT, and CHT1 mRNA levels in the fetal brain. Nicotineinduced fetal hypoxic responses and reduced cholinergic marker expression in the brain were more severe when nicotine was started in early gestation. Our results provide new information about the effects of repeated exposure to nicotine in utero on the expression of central ChAT, VAChT, and CHT1 in the rat fetus. These results indicate that repeated hypoxic episodes or/and a direct effect of nicotine on the central cholinergic system during pregnancy may contribute to brain developmental problems in fetal origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of prenatal nicotine on mRNA of central cholinergic markers and hematological parameters in rat fetuses

Mao

Yuan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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“…Presuming that the establishment of the functional neuronal connections is related to the development of visual information processing, early visual deprivation might be a useful model to study the mechanisms by which light stimulation triggers the functional maturation of the visual cortex. 23,32 In previous studies we have demonstrated that the laminar distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, choline acetyltransferase and high-affinity choline uptake sites in rat visual cortex is developmentally regulated reflecting changes in cholinergic activity in distinct visual cortical layers during early postnatal maturation. 31 The developmental changes in the laminar pattern of the total population of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been suggested to be a consequence of an adaptive process related to the onset of visual information processing at the cortical level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postnatal laminar development of cholinergic receptors, protein kinase C and dihydropyridine‐sensitive calcium antagonist binding in rat visual cortex. Effect of visual deprivation

Kumar

Schliebs

1992

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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The postnatal ontogeny of 3H-pirenzepine and 3H-oxotremorine-M binding to M1-and M2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively, as well as 3H-nicotine binding to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, 3H-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate binding to protein kinase C and 3H-PN200-110 binding to dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels was studied in individual layers of the visual cortex in both normally raised and monocularly deprived rats (one eyelid sutured at the age of 11 days) using quantitative receptor autoradiography. Postnatal ontogeny of M1-muscarinic receptors is similar in each visual cortical layer reaching the highest receptor density at the age of 15 days, whereas M2-muscarinic binding sites increase gradually from day 7 up to day 34. Highest 3H-nicotine binding is reached in all visual cortical layers at postnatal day 15 followed by a considerable decrease in binding sites until day 25. Phorbol ester binding rises considerably from birth until the age of 15 days reaching nearly the adult value in the upper layers, whereas in layers V and VI a marked decrease in binding levels until adulthood can be observed. The developmental course of 3H-PN200-110 binding sites is similar in all visual cortical layers and exhibits a moderate rise in binding sites between postnatal days 7 and 15. Monocular deprivation results in permanent changes in the developmental profiles of phorbol ester as well as calcium antagonist binding sites, whereas the alterations in muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors following monocular deprivation are only of transient nature. The data presented suggest that acetylcholine plays a modulatory role during a certain period of early postnatal maturation of the visual cortex by affecting both cholinergic receptors and associated second messenger cascades.

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Electrical activity of isolated rabbit cerebral cortex after direct application of acetylcholine

Agladze

Zhadin²,

Ignat’ev³

1996

Neurosci Behav Physiol

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Six weeks after surgical isolation of an extensive region of the rabbit neocortex, chronic experiments were carried out to study the EEG spectrum in baseline conditions and after macroapplication of acetylcholine (ACh) to the isolated cortex. Application of ACh elicited a complex, multiphasic response in the sensorimotor and visual regions of the isolated cortex, which lasted more than 10 min and consisted of an increase in the EEG amplitude with a gradual alteration in rhythmicity: there was an increase in theta activity, and higher-frequency (up to 15 Hz) processes appeared in the EEG trace. In control experiments (rabbits with intact cortex), application of ACh increased the EEG spectral amplitude and peak height. The response of the isolated cortex was interpreted as artificially induced activation, the level of activation determining the EEG spectrum. The differences in the responses of the isolated cortex and intact cortex result from preservation of control of the intact cortex by subcortical structures.

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Effect of early visual pattern deprivation on development and laminar distribution of cholinergic markers in rat visual cortex

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of prenatal nicotine on mRNA of central cholinergic markers and hematological parameters in rat fetuses

The effect of prenatal nicotine on mRNA of central cholinergic markers and hematological parameters in rat fetuses

Postnatal laminar development of cholinergic receptors, protein kinase C and dihydropyridine‐sensitive calcium antagonist binding in rat visual cortex. Effect of visual deprivation

Electrical activity of isolated rabbit cerebral cortex after direct application of acetylcholine

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