Effect of Eddy Length Scale on Mechanical Loading of Blood Cells in Turbulent Flow

Dooley, Patrick N.; Quinlan, Nathan J.

doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9789-8

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Eddies are spots of localized circulation in the fluid that can be idealized in the shape of a sphere when they are very small. Since the structure of turbulent flow is complex, eddies have been used to characterize the microstructure of the flow and to relate flow structure to expected damage to RBCs [5,[48][49][50][51]. The total surface area of these eddies is of major importance, because damage to cells may well occur at the interface of eddies by both shear and extensional stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

James

Papavassiliou

O’Rear

2019

Fluids

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Artificial heart valves may expose blood to flow conditions that lead to unnaturally high stress and damage to blood cells as well as issues with thrombosis. The purpose of this research was to predict the trauma caused to red blood cells (RBCs), including hemolysis, from the stresses applied to them and their exposure time as determined by analysis of simulation results for blood flow through both a functioning and malfunctioning bileaflet artificial heart valve. The calculations provided the spatial distribution of the Kolmogorov length scales that were used to estimate the spatial and size distributions of the smallest turbulent flow eddies in the flow field. The number and surface area of these eddies in the blood were utilized to predict the amount of hemolysis experienced by RBCs. Results indicated that hemolysis levels are low while suggesting stresses at the leading edge of the leaflet may contribute to subhemolytic damage characterized by shortened circulatory lifetimes and reduced RBC deformability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

James

Papavassiliou

O’Rear

2019

Fluids

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“…Its volume is 1.5 times larger than the iCELLis-A volume. (Cherry 1993;Chisti 2000;Dooley et al 2009). The diameter of the mammalian cells is between 10 -5 and 1.5 10 -5 m (Migita et al 2010).…”

Section: Studied Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Characterization of a Bioreactor Mixing Device for the Animal Cell Culture

Gelbgras¹,

Wylock²,

Drugmand³

et al. 2011

Chemical Product and Process Modeling

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During a cell culture in a bioreactor, the cells are exposed to the shear stresses mainly generated in the culture medium by the mixing device. Beyond a critical shear stress, this exposition induces cell damages. Therefore, the limitation of the shear stress is an important criterion for the design of bioreactors. An accurate modeling of the flow and the induced shear stresses in the medium is a tool to achieve an effective design of a bioreactor. In this work, a new design of a mixing device is considered. The aims of this work are to develop a methodology to study the flow and the induced shear stresses in the device, to study and to model the relation between the flow, the induced shear stresses and the cell viability, to use the developed model as an optimization tool, and to study the design of the bioreactor mixing device and its scale-up. In a first step, the flow and the induced shear stresses in the device are simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics. In a second step, the model of the influence of the flow and the induced shear stresses on the cell viability is established by a comparison between the computed flow and the induced shear stresses and experimental measurements of cellular viabilities for different impeller rotation speeds. Finally, the influence of another design of the mixing device on the cell viability is studied.KEYWORDS: flow and shear stress acting on the cells, cell viability, computational fluid dynamics

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“…Generally, these studies of RSS and shear stress find that stresses downstream of the bileaflet St. Jude valve remain below values that should induce hemolysis for MHVs. However, temporal fluctuations in stress, leakage through the valve, hinge regions of the valve, and foreign surfaces complicate the situation 6, 28, 34, 88 . The impact of MHV hemodynamics on thrombosis remains poorly defined since platelet activation is time-dependent, involves complex signaling with feedforward chemical pathways, and since activation can be reversible 30, 36, 38, 39, 90 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic Performance and Thrombogenic Properties of a Superhydrophobic Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve

et al. 2016

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In this study, we explore how blood-material interactions and hemodynamics are impacted by rendering a clinical quality 25 mm St. Jude Medical Bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) superhydrophobic (SH) with the aim of reducing thrombo-embolic complications associated with BMHVs. Basic cell adhesion is evaluated to assess blood-material interactions, while hemodynamic performance is analyzed with and without the SH coating. Results show that a SH coating with a receding contact angle (CA) of 160º strikingly eliminates platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the surface. Alternatively, many platelets attach to and activate on pyrolytic carbon (receding CA=47), the base material for BMHVs. We further show that the performance index increases by 2.5% for coated valve relative to an uncoated valve, with a maximum possible improved performance of 5%. Both valves exhibit instantaneous shear stress below 10 N/m2 and Reynolds Shear Stress below 100 N/m2. Therefore, a SH BMHV has the potential to relax the requirement for antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug regimens typically required for patients receiving MHVs by minimizing blood-material interactions, while having a minimal impact on hemodynamics. We show for the first time that SH-coated surfaces may be a promising direction to minimize thrombotic complications in complex devices such as heart valves.

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Effect of Eddy Length Scale on Mechanical Loading of Blood Cells in Turbulent Flow

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

Computational Fluid Dynamics Characterization of a Bioreactor Mixing Device for the Animal Cell Culture

Hemodynamic Performance and Thrombogenic Properties of a Superhydrophobic Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve

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