Effect of Edible Bird’s Nest Extract on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Impairment of Learning and Memory in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Cognitive disability is a common feature associated with a variety of neurological conditions including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), brain injury, and stroke. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of cognitive impairment. Current available therapies are relatively ineffective in treating or preventing cognitive disabilities, thus representing an important, unfulfilled medical need. Hence, developing potential treatment is one of the major areas of research interest. Edible bird's nests (EBN) are nests formed by swiftlet's saliva containing sialic acid, which is believed to improve brain function. This present study was embarked upon to evaluate the learning and memory enhancing potential effect of EBN by using Morris water maze test in a Wistar rat model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. LPS elicited cognitive impairment in the rats by significantly increasing the escape latency while decreasing the number of entries in the probe trial, which are coupled with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative markers (ROS and TBARS) in the hippocampus. Treatment with EBN (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg; p.o.) effectively reversed the effect of LPS on escape latency and probe trial and, in addition, inhibited the LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers. These findings are suggestive that there is existence of neuroprotective effect contained inside the edible bird's nest.

The Immune System Drives Synapse Loss During Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice

“…Whether synaptic debris exists in the lysosome of microglia and the exact mechanism how C3 urge microglia to close to C1q connected synapses is also an interesting idea to conduct follow-up research. In addition, considering the sensitivity to LPS and the consequent production of inflammatory cytokines differs hugely between human and rodent animals (Zakaria et al, 2017), the model needs to be further improved in terms of the administration mode and dose, animal species, and sex etc.…”

“…Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main cell wall constituents of Gram-negative bacteria, and are among the pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by the innate immune system to induce an in vivo immune response. LPS has been reported to induce memory impairment in rats (Zakaria et al, 2017). Besides, Hugh Perry and colleagues for example, have published extensively about the effects of LPS on learning and memory (Cunningham et al, 2005).…”

The ecology, productivity and economic of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in Kota Bangun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Swiftlet nests are commonly used as herbal medicine (Vimala et al 2011;Roh et al 2012;Zhang et al 2012;Lee et al 2019), including for maintaining health (Ma and Liu 2012;Careena et al 2018) and as a supplement for the skin B I OD I V E R S ITA S 21 (7): 3117-3126, July 2020 3118 (Chan et al 2015;Babji and Daud 2019;Daud et al 2019). They are also used to produce luxurious foods and beverages (Chua and Zukefli 2016).…”

Proximate Analysis and Safety Profile of Farmed Edible Bird’s Nest in Malaysia and Its Effect on Cancer Cells

“…Some of the impressive medicinal properties of EBN identified include potent anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [14], inhibition of influenza virus infection [15], cytoprotective properties from cyclophosphamide [16], neuroprotective effect [17], EGF like peptide which promotes cell proliferation [18], and estradiol hormones [19] which may be beneficial in women health by improving menstrual dysfunctions. EGF was first found to be present in EBN back in 1987.…”