Effect of educational intervention programme on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-East, Nigeria

Abstract

Background Diabetes is one of the most important chronic diseases that have a great impact on health as people with diabetes are constantly being reminded of their disease daily; they have to eat carefully, exercise, and test their blood glucose. They often feel challenged by their disease because of its day-to-day management demands and these affect their quality of life. The study aimed at determining the effect of an educational intervention program on the quality of life of Individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South East, Nigeria. Methods A quasi-experimental controlled study involving three hundred and eighty-two (382) type 2 DM persons recruited from the tertiary health institutions in South East, Nigeria, and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups respectively. Data was collected from the diabetic clinics of the health institutions using the SF – 36 questionnaires. Pretest data collection was done, and thereafter, education on self-care was given to the intervention group. After a 6months follow-up, post-test data were collected from both groups. Analysis was done using an Independent t-test, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Paired Samples Test, and Spearman rank order correlation at 0.05 alpha level. Results The control group indicated significantly higher mean HRQOL scores in most domains of the HRQOL before intervention (t = -1.927 to -6.072, p < 0.05). However, 6 months after the intervention, the mean HRQOL scores of the intervention group increased significantly in all the domains of HRQOL (p < 0.05) with an effect size of 0.14 (Eta squared). A comparison of the two groups shows a statistically significant difference (64.72 ± 10.96 vs. 58.85 ± 15.23; t = 4.349. p = 0.001) after the intervention. Age was inversely correlated with some domains of HRQOL; as age increases, HRQOL decreases in those domains. Gender had no significant influence on HRQOL. Conclusion Educational intervention was effective in improving HRQOL in individuals with type 2 DM. Hence, it is recommended for inclusion in all diabetes care plans.

Impact of health systems interventions in primary health settings on type 2 diabetes care and health outcomes among adults in West Africa: a systematic review

“…Six of these were RCTS conducted in Ghana (n= (3) (45,48,49), Nigeria (n=2) (50,51) and Mali (n=1) (44). Four quasi-experimental studies were conducted in Nigeria (n=3) (52–54) and Ghana (n=1) (46).…”

“…This theme highlights interventions that cut-across the health workforce, service delivery supply chain and health information building blocks. Eight studies (46,48–50,52,53,55,59) explored the impact of the following interventions on our outcome measures; training of service providers on evidence-based practices, provision of educational materials and flip charts for workers, provision of equipment and tools to improve diagnosis and treatment, establishment of health information systems to ease information sharing, adherence to guidelines and provision of tools for follow-up. Most of these health workers had some background training in primary care but the interventions which focused on setting up multi-professional diabetes teams and task sharing, had significant impact on glycemic and non-glycemic endpoints.…”

“…The peer-to-peer groupings and discussions was another strategy that enhanced communication among patients. They encouraged each other to adhere to self-care practices, appointment times and sometimes discouraged colleagues from seeking traditional care (44,51,52). The relationship between clinic leadership and their staff was improved by effective feedback systems (59).…”

Self-Care Practices and the Associated Socio-Demographic Variables of Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) in Southeast, Nigeria

“…Self-management refers to a set of skilled behaviors engaged in managing one’s illness. 10 Successful self-management of DM requires that individuals with DM frequently monitor their blood glucose levels and take the required action to keep blood sugar within a physiological level, adhere to a prescribed diet, exercise, take medication, and practice foot care daily. 5 They are also expected to monitor their blood pressure once or more per week, monitor blood glucose in the laboratory (glycated hemoglobin—HbAIC) every 3 months, go for eye checks every 6 months, be able to use standard healthcare services for diabetes management and consult the healthcare provider at least every 3 months in the absence of symptoms.…”

Establishing the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a health belief model based educational training program on health belief perceptions and dementia‐preventive behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes

“…Moreover, a cross‐sectional survey (Pipatpiboon et al, 2022) highlighted the importance of relationships between specific health belief constructs and dementia prevention behaviors in Thai adults with T2DM. Although recent studies suggest the benefits of educational interventions on knowledge of the disease, glycemic control, and quality of life in T2DM patients (Okafor et al, 2023; Shiferaw et al, 2021), there have been no previous studies (in Thailand, or elsewhere) testing the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a dementia‐preventive educational training program to improve health belief perceptions and dementia‐preventive behaviors, as well as achieve appropriate glycemic control in adults with T2DM. Therefore, we designed a dementia‐preventive educational training program based on the HBM and tested the program's feasibility in the current study.…”