Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study

Bloomer, Richard J.; Larson, Douglas E.; Fisher‐Wellman, Kelsey H.; Galpin, Andrew J.; Schilling, Brian K.

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-8-36

Cited by 108 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Another hypothesis for the cardioprotective effects of fish oil supplementation is the inhibition of cytokine production, as measured directly in plasma or ex vivo, and studies have been published that support and challenge the hypothesis that n-3 LCP inhibit cytokine and CRP production (102,103,(140)(141)(142)(143)(144)(145)(146)(147)(148)(149)(150) . In their recent meta-analysis including twenty-one trials, Balk et al (151) concluded that the effect of n-3 LCP, including EPA and DHA, on CRP levels in human subjects was unconvincing.…”

Section: Effects Of Epa and Dha On Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

2011

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Compelling evidence exists for the cardioprotective benefits resulting from consumption of fatty acids from fish oils, EPA (20 :5n-3) and DHA (22 :6n-3). EPA and DHA alter membrane fluidity, interact with transcription factors such as PPAR and sterol regulatory element binding protein, and are substrates for enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450. As a result, fish oils may improve cardiovascular health by altering lipid metabolism, inducing haemodynamic changes, decreasing arrhythmias, modulating platelet function, improving endothelial function and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. The independent effects of EPA and DHA are poorly understood. While both EPA and DHA decrease TAG levels, only DHA appears to increase HDL and LDL particle size. Evidence to date suggests that DHA is more efficient in decreasing blood pressure, heart rate and platelet aggregation compared to EPA. Fish oil consumption appears to improve arterial compliance and endothelial function; it is not yet clear as to whether differences exist between EPA and DHA in their vascular effects. In contrast, the beneficial effect of fish oils on inflammation and insulin sensitivity observed in vitro and in animal studies has not been confirmed in human subjects. Further investigation to clarify the relative effects of consuming EPA and DHA at a range of doses would enable elaboration of current understanding regarding cardioprotective effects of consuming oily fish and algal sources of long chain n-3 PUFA, and provide clearer evidence for the clinical therapeutic potential of consuming either EPA or DHA-rich oils.

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Section: Effects Of Epa and Dha On Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

2011

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“…Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids, and specifically supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA), increases blood levels of this fatty acid [11][12][13][14]. A potential increase of unsaturated fatty acids enhances oxidative susceptibility to producing lipid hydroperoxides and oxidative-derived products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Protein Nitrosative Damage in Male Athletes

Martorell

Capó

Bibiloni

et al. 2014

Lipids

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of long-term docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dietary supplementation on the erythrocyte fatty acid profile and oxidative balance in soccer players after training and acute exercise. Fifteen volunteer male athletes (age 20.0 ± 0.5 years) were randomly assigned to a placebo group that consumed an almond-based beverage (n = 6), or to an experimental group that consumed the same beverage enriched with DHA (n = 9) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken in resting conditions at the beginning and after 8 weeks of nutritional intervention and training in resting and in post-exercise conditions. Oxidative damage markers (malonyldialdehyde, carbonyl and nitrotyrosine indexes) and the activity and protein level of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase) were assessed. The results showed that training increased antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. The experimental beverage increased DHA from 34.0 ± 3.6 to 43.0 ± 3.6 nmol/10(9) erythrocytes. DHA supplementation increased the catalytic activity of superoxide dismutase from 1.48 ± 0.40 to 10.5 ± 0.35 pkat/10(9) erythrocytes, and brought about a reduction in peroxidative damage induced by training or exercise. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with DHA changed the erythrocyte membrane composition, provided antioxidant defense and reduced protein peroxidative damage in the red blood cells of professional athletes after an 8-week training season and acute exercise.

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“…In a recent study, McAnulty et al (2010) noted that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids significantly increased F 2 -isoprostanes after exhaustive exercise. Few studies, however, have determined the effects of such supplementation on the exercise-induced changes in ROS in human subjects (Oostenbrug et al 1997;Bloomer et al 2009). Moreover, in the few studies that have been conducted, the results have been mixed, with the discrepant findings likely due to differences in the exercise protocols, test subjects (trained and untrained), dosage and duration of supplementation, the timing of measurement, and the selection of biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 6 weeks of n-3 fatty acids and antioxidant mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this randomized study was to measure the influence of 6 weeks of LCPUFA (600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA per day) supplementation alone or in association with 30 mg vitamin E, 60 mg vitamin C and 6 mg β-carotene on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in judoists (n = 36). Blood samples were collected at rest before (T (1)) and after the supplementation period, in preexercise (T (2)) and postexercise (T (3)) conditions, for analysis of α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase (Lp) before free radical-induced oxidation, maximum rate of oxidation (R (max)) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CD(max)) accumulated after the propagation phase, and nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and lipoperoxide (POOL) concentrations. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to habitual intakes of energy from fat, carbohydrate, or protein. At T (1), there were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to lipid peroxidation, lag phase, and levels of α-tocopherol or retinol. The consumption of an n-3 LC PUFA supplement increased oxidative stress at rest and did not attenuate the exercise-induced oxidative stress. The addition of antioxidants did not prevent the formation of oxidation products at rest. On the contrary, it seems that the combination of antioxidants added to the n-3 LCPUFA supplement led to a decrease in, CD(max), R (max), and POOL and MDA concentrations after a judo training session.

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Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study

Cited by 108 publications

References 41 publications

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Protein Nitrosative Damage in Male Athletes

Effects of 6 weeks of n-3 fatty acids and antioxidant mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise

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