Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Extract Supplementation in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) lipophilic and polar extract dietary supplementation effects were evaluated according to diabetes management indices, using an in vivo model. A research pipeline was constructed, that ranged from extract preparation, partial chemical characterization and toxicity evaluation, to examining the elderberry extract dietary supplementation effects on biofluid and tissues. Extracts toxicity was screened using an Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence model. A concentration of up to 60 mg/L was selected, and rat doses for oral supplementation were computed applying the interspecies correlation between A. fischeri and rats. Wistar type 2 diabetic rats, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), were fed a high-fat diet and supplemented for 4 weeks at doses of 190 and 350 mg/kg body weight/day of lipophilic and polar extract, respectively. As far as we know, lipophilic elderberry extract supplementation was assessed for the first time, while polar extract was administrated at higher doses and for a shorter period compared to previous studies, aiming to evaluate subacute supplementation effects. The polar extract modulated glucose metabolism by correcting hyperglycemia, while the lipophilic extract lowered insulin secretion. Both extracts lowered insulin resistance, without remarkable alterations to hematological indices, sera lipids and sera and tissular trace element homeostasis. In conclusion, elderberries are a potential source of bioactive compounds for formulations to be used as co-adjuvants in diabetes management.

Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry

“…The polar extract lowered fasting blood glucose, whereas the lipophilic extract decreased secretion. Both extracts reduced insulin resistance and no significant alterations in the hematological indices, sera lipids and trace elements homeostasis from sera and tissues were observed (Salvador et al, 2017). Farrel et al studied the effect of anthocyanin-rich elderberry extract on metabolism in a diet-induced obese mouse model.…”

Effects of propofol on LC3II and mTOR/p‑mTOR expression during ischemia‑reperfusion myocardium injury in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The current study adopts the traditional preparation methods of a T2DM model (17,(30)(31)(32). A fasting glucose level of 14 mol/l or greater in rats is considered to indicate a model of T2DM.…”

Polyphenolic content, antiradical activity, stability and microbiological quality of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts

“…However, the available literature lacks information on the antiradical activity of the fruits of the elderberry cultivars analyzed in this research. The antiradical activity (ABTS) of wild forms of elderberry fruits was 2.37 mmol TE 1 g -1 extract (Salvador et al, 2017). Research conducted by Jakobek et al (2007) suggests that wild elderberry possesses strong antiradical activity (100.16 mmol TE 1 g -1 ) in the DPPH method.…”