“…6 Hence, both the "oxide layer" itself and the restructured metal surface after subsequent reduction of the surface oxide 4,5,[9][10][11][12] may modify electrocatalytic activities for given reactions. [13][14][15] Electro-oxidation of single crystalline and polycrystalline Au electrodes in different environments has been studied both electrochemically, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] spectroscopically, 7,11,12,[25][26][27][28] and with imaging methods. 5,7,25,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34] Metal surfaces can be analyzed under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions and characterized using surface analytic techniques that are not accessible under atmospheric pressure like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or low energy electron diffraction (LEED).…”