Effect of electrode negativity ratio and heat input on bead and arc characteristics in submerged arc welding

Naik, Ajit Kumar; Roshan, Rakesh; Arora, Kanwer Singh; Shajan, Nikhil; Mishra, Subash Chandra

doi:10.1177/09544089221084802

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Conventional welding techniques such as shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and submerged arc welding are widely used for joining the BSK 46 steels. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] GMAW is preferred over the other arc welding processes because of its cost-effectiveness, higher filling rate, relatively easy to operate and higher productivity. [19][20][21][22][23][24] In GMAW, the arc generated between the workpiece and wire electrode melts the workpiece and produces a permanent joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on microstructural and mechanical properties of BSK 46 steel weldments

Sivateja

Asati

Vidyarthy

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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BSK 46 is a low alloy structural steel with excellent mechanical and corrosion properties and is widely used in many applications, including tipper bodies of heavy-duty trucks. Optimizing the welding parameters to reduce defects and improve productivity is critical for the users. The present work addresses optimizing the welding process parameters to improve productivity with adequate weld quality during the pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) process. Three BSK 46 weldments (weld-1, weld-2 and weld-3) were fabricated by varying the root gap, root face, filler pass and heat input. The metallographic and mechanical characterization of P-GMAW weldments were done through microstructures, Vickers micro-hardness, transverse tensile strength, Charpy toughness and three-point bend test. Subsequently, a correlation has been developed between the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the weld joints. The hardness was found to be incremental in nature from the base metal to the fusion zone. Maximum hardness of 215.81 ± 10 HV was observed in the weld-3 fusion zone. Tensile test results reveal that weld-3 weldments exhibit a higher tensile strength of 547.48 ± 2 MPa than weld-1 (537.46 ± 7 MPa) and weld-2 (533.67 ± 9 MPa) weldments. Maximum impact toughness of 136.33 ± 14 J was observed in the weld-3 weldments. Post-bend testing showed no cracks on the weld surfaces, indicating defect-free weld joints with good ductility. It is observed that weld-3 showed relatively better mechanical properties than weld-1 and weld-2 in lesser welding time and lower welding cost

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on microstructural and mechanical properties of BSK 46 steel weldments

Sivateja

Asati

Vidyarthy

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…Out of the above zones, CGHAZ is nearest to the weld pool and experiences the highest temperature and dissolution of precipitates [4]. Hence, the amount of prior austenite grain boundary decreases, grains become coarsen, which makes the nucleation of diffusional phases like ferrite and pearlite difficult and enhances the generation of detrimental non-diffusional phases like bainite and martensite [12,13]. This facilitates grain coarsening, reduces toughness, and increases the hardness value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical simulation on Joining of 700 MC steel: A HAZ and CCT curve study

Roshan¹,

Naik²,

Saxena³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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In the present work, a coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) was simulated by Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. A continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram was generated from the results of the dilatometer, hardness, and microstructure analysis. The heating rate of 100°C/s, the peak temperature of 1300°C, the holding time of one second, and thirteen different cooling conditions representing the actual welding condition were chosen here for simulation where the cooling rate was controlled by t8/3. At slow cooling rate ferrite, cementite, pearlite, and bainite were obtained. At a medium cooling rate, ferrite, bainite, and a small amount of martensite were observed. At a fast-cooling rate i.e., 100°Cs-1 fully martensite was obtained. The obtained hardness values were 225 HV, 263 HV, and 342 HV for slower, medium, and fast cooling rates respectively. The increase in hardness value shows that the amount of non-diffusional phases increases with an increase in cooling rate. The CCT curve shows the range of cooling rate and phase transformation temperature of ferrite, bainite, and martensite.

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Effect of electrode negativity ratio and heat input on bead and arc characteristics in submerged arc welding

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Investigations on microstructural and mechanical properties of BSK 46 steel weldments

Investigations on microstructural and mechanical properties of BSK 46 steel weldments

Physical simulation on Joining of 700 MC steel: A HAZ and CCT curve study

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