Combined sequential treatment using 100 mg/L sucrose monopalmitate solution under microbubble generation and soaking in slightly acidic hypochlorous water containing 30 mg/L available chlorine for 5 min at 50℃ was tested for decontamination of ginger, Japanese ginger, perilla, parsley, Welsh onion and cucumber, and at 20℃ for strawberry. Viable bacterial count was reduced by about 2 log cfu/g in perilla, parsley, and Welsh onion. Ginger, parsley and Welsh onion maintained viable counts of less than 5 log cfu/ g during 6 days of subsequent cold storage at 6℃. Viable count for cucumber decreased by only 1 log cfu/ g after combined treatment, and increased to 5.5 log cfu/g after storage for 6 days at 6℃. For decontamination of strawberry, as 50℃ treatment with SAHW damaged the surface, the treatment was performed at 20℃. After combined sequential treatment, viable bacterial count decreased from 4.5 to 2.0 log cfu/g, and increased slightly to 2.5 log cfu/g after storage at 6℃ for 6 days. Fungal count for strawberry also decreased from 4.9 to 2.3 log cfu/g immediately after treatment and did not increase after storage for 6 days. These results indicate the great potential of this approach in sanitization of fresh fruits and vegetables.Keywords: slightly acidic hypochlorous water, sucrose fatty acid ester, microbubble, non-thermal decontamination, sanitization, electrolyzed water, fresh produce *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tmiyamot@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp
IntroductionPathogenic bacteria can contaminate raw agricultural produce through various pathways; therefore, there is a need for effective decontamination of fresh produce. In Japan, 2007 statistics by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reported an estimated 1000 outbreaks of food-borne illnesses comprising about 4,000 cases associated with composite ready-to-eat foods and about 1000 cases associated with vegetables and vegetable products (Koide et al., 2009;Soli et al., 2010a). Decontamination of produce plays an important role in the preservation of food quality and safety of consumption (Nguyen-The and Carlin, 1994). Unfortunately, the 'fresh' nature of produce restricts the use of thermal decontamination (Soli et al., 2010a). Washing produce with tap water cannot completely remove pathogenic and naturally occurring microorganisms, and although sodium hypochlorite solution (100 − 200 mg/L available chlorine) is the most commonly used disinfectant, it is inactivated by organic materials and can lead to the formation of potentially carcinogenic and teratogenic trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids (Keskinen et al., 2009). Therefore, the development of new non-thermal sterilizers such as electrolyzed water (EW) is necessary to control pathogenic bacteria on fresh produce (Guentzel et al., 2008). Among the types of EW developed, slightly acidic hypochlorous water (SAHW) has attracted attention in response to washing and sanitizing treatments for the removal or inactivation of food-borne pathogens (Doi et al., 1998;Koide et al., 2009...