“…In the process treatment of HCCI, pulse current treatment is an effective method to refine carbide without changing the composition of the material. Moreover, this technology offers characteristics of non-pollution to the environment, low cost of preparation and simple operation, attracting a lot of interest in the effect of pulse current treatment on microstructure evolution [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. In the case of hypereutectic HCCI, our previous investigation revealed that obvious refinement effect of primary carbides is observed after pulse current treatment at 45 Hz [23].…”