Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique Applied to Patients Before Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on Surgical Fear and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Measures of preoperative anxiety: Part two

“…The test has satisfactory psychometric properties (Cronbach's a coefficient in the original study was 0.79) [18]. The scale has been used in several recently published studies involving patients undergoing various surgical procedures, mainly in Turkey [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. After obtaining permission from the authors of the original version of the questionnaire, we translated it into Polish according to the principles of adaptation of psychometric methods: translation from English to Polish independently by three clinicians (including a clinical psychologist and two physicians), agreement on a common Polish version, translation from Polish to English by a native English speaker who is also fluent in Polish and who was not familiar with the original version, further consultations with the team of clinicians, comparison of the back-translation version with the original version, and conducting a pilot study among 10 patients (see Supplement 1 file for the English (Table 1) and Polish (Table 2) versions of ASSQ).…”

“…A preliminary study conducted among 65 patients awaiting cardiac surgery provided promising results regarding the reliability of the scale (Cronbach's a coefficient for the full scale was 0.93, for short-term aspects of surgery was 0.91, and for long-term surgery aspects was 0.90). The SFQ questionnaire has been used in studies conducted in the Netherlands [28,29], Greece [34], Portugal [35,36], Turkey [21,23,33,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43], Croatia [44], Norway [45], Germany [31], Italy [46], Czech Republic [30], China [32], United States [47,48], Ireland [49], and Hungary [50][51][52]. Most of these publications appeared in the years 2022-2023.…”

Enhancing emotion regulation: investigating the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation at PC6 in reducing fear of heights

“…These intervention strategies provide promising approaches for managing and reducing fear and anxiety. However, previous studies have focused on behavioral and the neural correlates of cognitive emotion regulation, and have not focused on investigating emotion regulatory strategies that directly involve the body, despite their effectiveness in clinical populations ( Minewiser, 2017 ; Church et al, 2022 ; Menevşe and Yayla, 2023 ). Aside from the cognitive, behavioral and motivational concomitants, emotions have long been recognized as full-body events.…”

“…However, tapping acupuncture points with fingertips has limitations that restrict people’s actions and is unsuitable for situations that require physical manipulation. Because manual stimulation of acupuncture points can produce endogenous opioids, increase the production of neurotransmitters and regulate cortisol ( Menevşe and Yayla, 2023 ). Cortisol is the main stress hormone and modulates the autonomic nervous system, reduces heart rate, pain, and anxiety through these neurochemical changes ( Lane, 2009 ; Napadow et al, 2009 ).…”