Effect of emulsion fuel on engine emissions–A review

Hasannuddin, A.K.; Wira, Jazair Yahya; Srithar, R.; Sarah, S.; Ahmad, Mukhtar; Aizam, S.A.; Aiman, Muhammad; Zahari, Muhammad Azahar Zikri; Watanabe, S.; Azrin, Mohd; Mohd, S. S.

doi:10.1007/s10098-015-0986-x

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…It is believed that FWE has a potential application as an alternative fuel in compression ignition engines [20]. The addition of water to the fuel in the form of FWE leads to the reduction of NOx emissions and the temperature of exhaust gases in this type of drive units [20][21][22][23][24]. However, the review work in the conclusions was inconsistent as to the impact of FWE on CO emissions.…”

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Niszczota

Gieras

2021

Energies

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In an effort to reduce the emissivity of transport and energy, numerous studies are being carried out on the impact of the combustion of alternative fuels on the emission and operating parameters of propulsion and energy units. One of the observed trends is the use of emulsion fuels. The addition of an emulsifier to an emulsion fuel reduces the interfacial tension between two liquids, which allows obtaining an emulsion fuel with the expected stability. The research conducted on self-ignition engines and gas turbines (TG) does not give an unambiguous answer as to the influence of the use of fuel-water emulsion on CO emissions. One of the reasons for the discrepancy in the obtained results may be the type and amount of the emulsifier used in the emulsion fuel. Tests were carried out on the GTM-120 gas turbine to compare the operating parameters and emissions between the cases in which TG was supplied with three fuel mixtures—the standard fuel for TG (DF) and DF with 2% and 5% emulsifier addition. It was shown that the addition of 2% of the emulsifier to DF causes an increase in CO emission, with the remaining measured parameters unchanged. On the other hand, increasing the amount of emulsifier in DF to 5% reduces CO emissions to the level observed in the case in which DF was burned reduces NOx emissions and reduces the thermal efficiency of TG.

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Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the review work in the conclusions was inconsistent as to the impact of FWE on CO emissions. In [20], an increase in CO emissions is indicated as a result of adding water to fuel, while in [21][22][23], it is concluded that the impact of FWE on CO emissions is ambiguous.…”

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Niszczota

Gieras

2021

Energies

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“…Despite these advantages, the diesel engine still gives drawback to human and environment due to emission exhausted from this engine likes Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matters (PM). PM alone or in combination with other air pollutants can cause respiratory and cardiovascular problems, while NOx and PM can cause acid rain, climate changes, water and soil deterioration in environmental problems [3]. Due to these severe issues, strict regulations such as the Kyoto Protocol was introduced [4] to mitigate these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrical Load On the Emulsification Methods of Inline Mixing System RTES Produced by The Static Mixer and Ultrasonic on Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics

Mahdi

Ithnin

Yahya

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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The Water-in-Diesel emulsion (W/D emulsion) imposed the benefit of alternative fuel by reducing the main emission problems in the diesel engines such as Particulate Matters (PM) and Nitric Oxides (NOx) emissions. However, the main issue of W/D emulsion was dependency on surfactant which creates a huge barrier to commercialize this alternative fuel. Therefore, a new concept namely as the Real-Time Non-Surfactant Non-Emulsification System (RTES) was introduced to eliminate the surfactant in W/D emulsion. However, the effect of the electrical load of RTES operation in diesel engine vehicles is still unknown, especially on fuel consumption. Hence, this paper focussed on the effect of electrical load on the emulsification methods of inline mixing system RTES produced by the static mixer and ultrasonic on fuel consumption and emission characteristics. There are two different methods of emulsification made motor and static mixer (EMS) and motor, ultrasonic and static mixer (EMUS) from the RTES were tested of the light-duty lorry under the engine speed of 2200rpm. It is found that the electrical load from the operation of RTES increased the fuel consumption by 1.0% compared to the B10 fuel but reduced by 1.5% when the EMS emulsion fuel was applied. The EMS and EMUS emulsion exhibit the same pattern of NOx reduction by 7% However, EMS and EMUS increased by 20% and 16.5% for CO emission and 16.9% and 9.7% for HC emission respectively compared to B10 fuel. Overall, the electrical load in the RTES operation slightly consumed fuel consumption but the introduction of the static mixer in the RTES system had successfully be applied without deteriorated the benefit of emulsion fuel.

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“…Unfortunately, emulsion fuels tend to be too expensive and too unstable for practical purposes and have never been widely accepted [3]. For a literature review of emulsion fuels, see reference [4]. However, the benefits from using an emulsion fuel can be significant and this remains an active area for fuel combustion researchers [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoemulsion Fuel Additive Used as a Diesel Combustion Catalyst

Hicks¹

2020

Journal of Combustion

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This research article discloses how a uniquely structured fuel additive can easily be mixed with commercially available diesel fuel to produce an extremely stable nanoemulsion fuel. Even when using an ultralow dose (125 ppm), the additive still creates a large and catalytically active surface area using billions of nanosized water droplets (4 nanometers). No metallic or organometallic compounds were used. When used in heavy duty diesel engines, treated fuel significantly improves vehicle fuel economy. Extensive verification testing was carried out using multiple fleets of heavy duty diesel trucks operating for up to two years under “real-world” driving conditions. Testing used 538 heavy duty trucks and 15 different vehicle fleets. Test vehicles used 475,000 litres of treated fuel and covered a total of 14 million kilometres. Fleet testing was supervised by one of the premier European testing agencies (TNO Quality Services BV). Raw fuel economy data was collected and analyzed by an independent consulting agency andd showed a combined average weighted fuel savings of 9.7%. Diesel engine CO2 emissions are one of the many contributory causes of global warming. Unfortunately, new engine fuel economy technologies can take 10 years to have a 50% impact (typically 5% per year, as older vehicles are slowly replaced with new models). However, using the additive would immediately improve the combustion properties of fuel being used in these vehicles with the potential to reach up to 90% of the entire diesel vehicle population within about 60 days.

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Effect of emulsion fuel on engine emissions–A review

Cited by 41 publications

References 98 publications

Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Effect of Electrical Load On the Emulsification Methods of Inline Mixing System RTES Produced by The Static Mixer and Ultrasonic on Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics

Nanoemulsion Fuel Additive Used as a Diesel Combustion Catalyst

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