Effect of Enamel Bleaching on the Bond Strength of Ceramic—A Systematic Review

Abstract

The increase in aesthetic demands has increased the use of ceramic dental restorations in dentistry. Ceramic restorations are bonded to the tooth structure using adhesives. There is a lack of standard guidelines in terms of post-bleaching time intervals and bond strengths of ceramic restorations. Bleaching products have also been stated to affect the morphology of enamel. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the bond strength between ceramic and enamel and the changes in the surface roughness of enamel post teeth bleaching. An electronic search was performed in the databases PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science with MESH terms: “adhesion OR bonding”, “ceramic OR ceramics OR dental porcelain”, “tooth bleaching OR teeth bleaching OR tooth whitening OR teeth whitening” and “enamel OR dental enamel OR enamels OR dental enamels”. The articles were screened, and the final selection of articles was obtained by using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 170 studies identified from the search, only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for full-text review. A further search by hand was performed, and additional 48 studies were selected. From the 60 full-text studies, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction. The results were based on a descriptive analysis of the effect on bond strength of ceramic to enamel after a bleaching protocol and the changes in the surface roughness of enamel post bleaching protocol. In conclusion, bleaching protocols alter the surface roughness of enamel and, thus, the shear bond strength between ceramic and enamel. Bleaching treatments with a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide reduce the bond strength between ceramic and enamel. Delaying bonding after bleaching for up to 7 days increases the bond strength between ceramic and enamel.

Fracture strength and bonding interface morphology of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers on bleached enamel treated with two different antioxidants

“…As the present investigation revealed that the fracture strength of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers to freshly bleached enamel decreased significantly following 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching treatment, the first null hypothesis had to be rejected. This result was in accordance with previous research 13,14,53) . These unfavorable consequences arise due to the bleaching agent leaving behind reactive oxygen species (•OH, •OOH − , O2• − , H2O2).…”

Effect of a Desensitizing Agent on Shear Bond Strength of Ceramic Bracket on Previously Bleached Teeth

“…Chauhan et al's research using the intracoronal bleaching method with three different types of bleaching materials revealed that the control group with no bleaching application had the highest shear-bond-strength value of the ceramic bracket when compared to other groups that were given bleaching action [9]. Rahul et al's research also revealed a decrease in the SBS of the ceramic bracket after in-office bleaching, whereas home bleaching had no significant effect on the SBS of the bracket, so the bracket-bonding process was recommended 24 h after bleaching [8]. In accordance with this investigation, Gungor et al, found that bleaching drastically lowered the SBS of the brackets [4].…”

“…Although bleaching treatment has numerous benefits, there are concerns among clinicians, especially orthodontists, about how it affects the surface of the enamel and how well adhesive resin bonds to previously bleached enamel. Prior studies report that bleaching can decrease the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets [8][9][10]. Bleaching agents may impact the structure by decomposing organic and inorganic components, and they may also impact the morphology of enamel by causing porosity, cavities, depression, deeper enamel, loss of as prismatic layers, and a rough surface [11].…”